A) Boys shouldn't cry
B) Men are less emotionally competent
C) Women should express kindness to others
D) Women should smile often
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A) Emotion experience measured in the moment
B) Emotion expression
C) Physiological arousal
D) Emotion appraisals
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A) The study of the intersection between multiple ways of dividing people into social categories
B) The study of the interpersonal processes that unfold when people of different genders interact
C) The study of what happens to people's emotional processes when their gender identity clashes with their behavior
D) Scientific endeavors that bridge across disciplines, such as research that combines psychology and gender studies
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A) Children displayed no gender bias, but adults were more likely to assume that the emotional puppies were girls and the neutral puppies were boys
B) Children exhibited a strong gender bias, thinking the angry and sad puppies were girls, while adults did not respond in a biased manner
C) Both children and adults thought the happy puppies were male and the sad, angry, and fearful puppies were female
D) Both children and adults thought that the happy, sad, and fearful puppies were female, and the angry puppies were male
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A) Greater pacifier use was associated with lower emotional intelligence in boys but not girls
B) Greater pacifier use was associated with less smiling and prosocial behavior in girls, but more empathy in boys
C) Greater pacifier use, especially at night, was associated with less facial mimicry in girls but not boys
D) Greater pacifier use was associated with better emotion regulation skills in boys but not girls
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A) Men fixate on faces for longer periods of time than do women, on average
B) Women tend to spend more time looking at the eyes, compared to men
C) Men tend to spend more time looking at the eyes, compared to women
D) Even though men and women differ in their emotion recognition accuracy, they do not seem to use different strategies for looking at faces
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A) Although the stereotype is that women should be more emotionally expressive, expressive women are not actually more liked
B) There is a prescriptive norm that women should not express emotion, and when they suppress their emotions they are more liked and awarded higher status
C) Women who express emotions more are perceived as ""masculine""
D) All of the above
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A) People's self-identified gender, rather than their biological sex
B) The degree to which a culture has gender equality, measured by the extent to which women participate in public and economic spheres
C) The degree to which people possess stereotypically masculine, feminine, or androgynous characteristics, regardless of their gender
D) The degree to which people will be successful in relationships and careers due to their ability to conform to gender stereotypes about emotion expression
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A) Left amygdala activity was higher in women compared to men while viewing negative images
B) Left amygdala activity was higher in men compared to women while viewing positive images
C) Right amygdala activity was consistently higher in men compared to women, regardless of the nature of the stimuli
D) Both A and B
E) All of the above
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A) Boys have better early language skills so they learn to talk about emotions, and therefore regulate them, earlier than girls do
B) Parents encourage daughters to express feminine emotions and inhibit anger, while encouraging sons to express anger and inhibit other emotion expressions
C) Since young boys, on average, have higher levels of arousal and activity, parents teach them to inhibit their emotions more so than with girls
D) Mothers exaggerate their facial expressions more with baby boys than girls, possibly to regulate the boys' behavior
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