A) Research is conclusive that MIRE is effective in restoring sensation.
B) No studies demonstrate that MIRE is effective for this condition.
C) No consistent body of evidence exists supporting MIRE for this condition.
D) Research remains inconclusive regarding effectiveness and concern about harmful side effects.
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A) Debriding the wound prior to treatment
B) Applying contact dressing in touch with the entire wound bed
C) Overpacking the wound with contact dressing
D) Leaving the dressing over the wound for several days
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C
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A) Excessive and counterproductive to healing
B) Critical for successful tissue healing
C) Inadequate to promote scar formation
D) Required so the central nervous system (CNS) can produce mucopolysaccharides
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A) UVC source perpendicular to and 1 inch from wound, repeated exposures of 10 seconds
B) UVC source perpendicular to and 1 inch from wound, repeated exposures of 180 seconds
C) UVC source 25 degrees from perpendicular to and 1 inch from wound, repeated exposure of 90 seconds
D) UVC source perpendicular to and 3 to 5 inches from wound, repeated exposures of 3 minutes
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A) Diabetic foot ulcers
B) Deep vein phlebitis
C) Necrotic pressure ulcers
D) Osteomyelitis
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A) To calibrate the UV light with the wavelength of the skin's radiation
B) To determine the time at which a mild sunburn is produced
C) To determine the depth of penetration of the UV light
D) To calculate the dosage required to raise the temperature of the skin 2°C
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A) 15 minutes per day, 2 to 4 days per week
B) 30 minutes per day, 3 days per week
C) 45 minutes per day, 5 days per week
D) 60 minutes per day, 7 days per week
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A) Decreased blood flow
B) Microdeformation of cells
C) Facilitation of fibrinolysis
D) Bacteriocidal effects
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A) Stimulation of fibroblast proliferation
B) Decreased local cell metabolism
C) Decreased phagocytic activity, resulting in decreased production of cellular debris
D) Increased muscle contractility
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A) Motor level direct current, negative polarity over infected wound
B) Motor level neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) , 50 pps, for muscle pump of muscles adjacent and distal to wound
C) Sensory level high-voltage pulsed current (HVPC) , 100 pps, with negative electrode over infected wound
D) Sensory level TENS, low frequency (2 to 4 pps) , positive electrode over necrotic wound bed
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A) Both are monophasic currents that result in a net flow of charged particles.
B) Neither are strong enough to cause skin burns.
C) Both are capable of depolarizing A-delta and C fibers that drive the healing process.
D) Neither require electrodes to be placed in or around the perimeter of the wound.
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A
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A) Peripheral neuropathy
B) Deep skin lacerations
C) Necrotic infected wounds
D) Noninfected wounds with granulation tissue
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A) 4 to 15 pounds per square inch
B) 20 to 40 kilograms per cubic centimeter
C) 100 to 150 pounds per square foot
D) 500 to 1,000 grams per cubic meter
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A) Migration of inflammatory cells to the site of injury
B) Activation of neutrophils to fight infection
C) Increased production of fibroblasts, adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) , and epithelial cells
D) Release of histamine to facilitate capillary vasoconstriction
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A) Collagen fibers will be better aligned to prevent formation of adhesions.
B) A more rapid progression to the proliferative phase of healing will occur.
C) Greater analgesic effects occur, promoting earlier joint motion.
D) Enhancement of inflammation will occur, promoting greater microcirculation to tissues.
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A) Mechanical debridement
B) Reduction of edema
C) Facilitation of phagocytosis
D) Softening of granulation tissue
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A) Facilitation of fibrinogenesis
B) Increased intramuscular pressure
C) Reduction of edema
D) Increased number of granulocytes
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A) UV light can cause permanent discoloration of the skin.
B) The threshold for skin burns is very low and must be avoided.
C) Circulatory compromise has been shown to occur at higher doses.
D) Accumulative effects of UV light are associated with certain cancers.
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D
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A) Reduction of edema and improved lymph flow restores normal circulation.
B) Increased circulation leads to healthier nerves and return of sensation.
C) Facilitation of migration of cells to affected tissue promotes healing.
D) Promotion of cellular proliferation in fibroblasts facilitates healing.
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A) Decreased production of substance P
B) Increased release of endogenous opioids
C) Decreased release of sensory neuropeptides
D) Increased production of nitrous oxide
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