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The pre-internationalization stage of internationalization is followed by the committed involvement stage.

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Which of the following foreign market entry strategies offers the focal firm the highest degree of control over foreign operations?


A) exporting
B) wholly owned subsidiary (FDI)
C) global sourcing
D) countertrade

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________ is the selling, at a discount, of long-term accounts receivable of the seller or promissory notes of the foreign buyer.


A) Forfaiting
B) Countertrading
C) Confirming
D) Factoring

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Company-owned subsidiary is ________.


A) accomplished by contracting with intermediaries located in the firm's home market
B) typically achieved by contracting with intermediaries located in the foreign market
C) a foreign intermediary that serves as an extension of the exporter, negotiating on behalf of the exporter and assuming such responsibilities as local supply-chain management, pricing, and customer service
D) a representative office of the focal firm that handles marketing, physical distribution, promotion, and customer service activities in the foreign market

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Reva Inc. is a U.S.-based automobile manufacturing company that sets up manufacturing bases in India. Its suppliers followed them to India. This is an example of a proactive move.

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A risk-averse manager at a Canadian firm would most likely pursue initial internationalization in ________.


A) the United States
B) China
C) India
D) Russia

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Favorable foreign market conditions that encourage firms to internationalize are known as ________.


A) proactive factors
B) reactive factors
C) push factors
D) pull factors

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Incoterms were developed by the International Chamber of Commerce in order to ________.


A) provide permission to export
B) standardize the cost of shipping and insuring exported items
C) define how the buyer and seller share freight and insurance costs
D) reduce the costs of shipping and insuring exported products

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Lamp Shade Imports (Scenario) The ABC Lamp Company is an SME that designs and manufactures high quality lamps that are sold in high-end furniture stores across Canada and the United States. ABC imports lamp shades from Asia where costs are lower than in North America. ABC has received a large order from a hotel chain that wants to purchase 5,000 lamps in the next three months, and ABC will need to import corresponding lamp shades. ABC recently ended a relationship with a Chinese supplier due to the poor quality of shades that were shipped. ABC managers are seeking a new Asian supplier that can fill the hotel lamp order. -Which of the following factors should be considered by ABC when trying to obtain financing for export sales?


A) Where is the manufacturing facility of the Asian exporter located?
B) Does the Asian lamp shade supplier sell to ABC's competitors?
C) What is the creditworthiness of the Asian lamp shade exporter?
D) At what bank does the Asian lamp shade supplier do business?

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When large MNEs access equity financing by selling corporate bonds or shares in stock markets, it is considered as intracorporate financing.

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Countertrade is ________.


A) an international business transaction where all or partial payments are made in kind rather than cash
B) the establishment of a firm's presence in a foreign market by investing capital and securing ownership of a factory, subsidiary, or other facility there
C) the procurement of products or services from independent suppliers or company-owned subsidiaries located abroad for consumption in the home country or a third country
D) the strategy of producing products or services in one country (often the producer's home country) , and selling and distributing them to customers located in other countries

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Licensing and franchising are ________.


A) ownership-based international activities
B) turnkey operations
C) contractual relationships
D) home-based international exchange activities

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Focal firms that internationalize through exporting will most likely perform ________ in the home market.


A) sales
B) distribution
C) marketing
D) manufacturing

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Exporting is ________.


A) the procurement of products or services from independent suppliers or company-owned subsidiaries located abroad for consumption in the home country or a third country
B) the procurement of selected value-chain activities, including production of intermediate goods or finished products, from independent suppliers
C) the transfer of state-owned industries to private concerns
D) the strategy of producing products or services in one country (often the producer's home country) , and selling and distributing them to customers located in other countries

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Which of the following industries-large, publicly traded U.S.-based manufacturing firms-will be more dependent on international sales?


A) publishing
B) medical equipment
C) electrical equipment
D) automobile

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In a short essay, describe three different types of payment methods used in international exporting and importing. Include the advantages or disadvantages of each method.

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a. Cash in Advance-When the exporter rec...

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Push factors include unfavorable trends in the domestic market that compel firms to explore opportunities beyond national borders.

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The Internet provides the means to export pure services.

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The risks and need for financing associated with international sales can be alleviated through the use of distribution channel intermediaries.

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In international trade transactions, an open account is considered as a more secure method of payment than a letter of credit.

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