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Which statement about the endocannabinoids is true?


A) They are synthesized by FAAH.
B) They include arachidonic derivatives such as 2-AG and anandamide.
C) They are stored in vesicles.
D) They are synthesized and released in response to K+.

Correct Answer

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Which statement about the mechanism of CBD action is true?


A) It may decrease the activity of the endogenous cannabinoid system by enhancing breakdown of endogenous cannabinoids.
B) It may enhance the activity of the endocannabinoid system by inhibiting the breakdown of endogenous cannabinoids.
C) It synergizes with endogenous cannabinoids, thereby amplifying their effect.
D) It decreases adenosine signaling.

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The amount of active ingredient absorbed during marijuana smoking depends on all of the following except for the


A) amount of plant material used.
B) potency of the plant material used.
C) psychological state of the user.
D) volume of each "puff" or inhalation.

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People with CUD are more likely than average to have


A) a high-pressure job.
B) low self-esteem.
C) achieved higher levels of education.
D) another substance use disorder.

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Describe the historical use of marijuana as agricultural commodity, medicine, and recreational drug. What role did Harry Anslinger and various regulatory policies have on this use in the United States?

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Animal studies on the rewarding effects of cannabinoids have demonstrated


A) that THC is aversive to all species tested.
B) that animals will self-administer the synthetic drugs WIN 55,212-2 and SR 141716A.
C) the importance of using low THC doses and pre-exposure to the drug.
D) reinforcing effects of THC in the place conditioning task but not the self-administration paradigm.

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In animal studies, what types of brain changes have been observed following adolescent exposure to marijuana?

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Identify the known effects of chronic cannabis use on health. What areas need to be researched further?

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Which statement regarding the most prevalent CNS cannabinoid receptor is false?


A) It is highly expressed in astrocytes.
B) It is an ionotropic receptor, designated CB1.
C) It plays a role in synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory through the MAP kinase system.
D) Its expression is higher in glutamatergic than in GABAergic neurons

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What is the evidence that marijuana use is a serious national problem that shows little sign of improving or being influenced by current drug control policies? What age group seems to be at the greatest risk for cannabis use?

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A major risk of using an herbal preparation containing synthetic cannabinoids is


A) the cannabinoids may interact with the herbs, resulting in toxicity.
B) synthetic cannabinoids are slower-acting, so often too much is taken before the user realizes it.
C) higher potency and possibility of super-concentrations or hot spots; areas where drug is more concentrated in the formula.
D) synthetic cannabinoids have a higher addiction potential.

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Describe the discovery of the cannabinoid receptor (CB1) by two independent research groups. Characterize the receptor in terms of its location in the CNS, probable location within the synapse, and the cellular effects it is responsible for. Identify a CB1 receptor antagonist that has been used to clarify the role of this receptor.

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Describe the neural mechanisms that underlie both the reinforcing and aversive aspects of cannabinoid administration.

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Harry Anslinger


A) was a former drug "czar" appointed by President Bush.
B) is the current director of the Office of National Drug Control Policy.
C) was the first U.S. commissioner of narcotics.
D) opposed the Marijuana Tax Act in 1937.

Correct Answer

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Which of the following is not among the discoveries showing that cannabinoids are reinforcing?


A) Regular marijuana users choose THC-containing cigarettes over placebo cigarettes with no THC.
B) THC taken orally is preferred over a placebo capsule with no THC.
C) Users reliably choose higher THC content cigarettes over those with a lower THC content.
D) Animals tested reliably self-administer high doses of THC.

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CUD and cannabis tolerance has been shown to result in _______ levels of glutamate in certain brain areas and may be responsible for the ______ in people with CUD.


A) lower; increased anxiety
B) lower; cognitive deficits
C) higher; disorientation
D) variable; unpredictability

Correct Answer

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Which statement regarding treatment of CUD is true?


A) Outpatient programs and cognitive behavior therapy are not part of treatment for CUD.
B) It is much more successful than treatment of other drug dependence problems, with very little relapse.
C) The FDA has approved several medications for treatment of CUD.
D) It could someday include the use cannabinoid agonists to moderate marijuana cravings.

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One of the most reliable physiological effects of cannabis use in humans is


A) slowing of heart rate.
B) decreased blood flow to the skin.
C) faint pulse.
D) increased hunger.

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Tolerance to THC


A) is not well established in animals.
B) is mainly due to metabolic tolerance in both humans and animals.
C) occurs very slowly over a six-week period.
D) has been measured in terms of decreases in CB1 receptor densities.

Correct Answer

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Endocannabinoids contribute to retrograde signaling in the hippocampus, Striatum, and cerebellum by


A) blocking the reuptake transporters.
B) blocking CB1 autoreceptors on the presynaptic terminals.
C) inhibiting Ca2+-mediated vesicular neurotransmitter release.
D) activating CB1 receptors and increasing GABA release.

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