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Exam 6: Perceptual Development in Infancy

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Question 21

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Studying perceptual development in young infants or newborns allows scientists to

A) Determine whether a skill is innate or learned.
B) Estimate the earliest age a certain behavior may be elicited.
C) Prove that some skills are not learned.
D) Prove that there are no innate abilities.

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Question 22

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Why were philosophers interested in perceptual development during infancy?

A) Infancy provides a starting point against which maturation and the effects of experience can be assessed.
B) Origins of behaviors should be discussed near the beginning of life.
C) The question whether infants enter the world with some rudimentary knowledge was of key interest.
D) All of the above.

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Question 23

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Starting at birth, newborns actively seek out and attend to certain aspects of their environment. For example, newborns have been shown to preferentially look at faces or face-like images. What do these patterns of attention suggest about infants' attention abilities?

Providing pre-reaching infants with "sticky" mittens leads to an enhanced understanding of the interactions people have with objects. This is an example of

Dr Smith studies infants' attention using heart rate. Which of the following responses are characteristic for infants' heart rate during a habituation study?

Solid objects do not change size or shape, but our retinal image of these objects changes depending on our viewing distance or angle. Being able to recognize an object across different perspectives is referred to as:

American infants show a strong preference for music showing Western meter (2:1) which is common in American music over Balkan meter (3:2) which is uncommon. Turkish infants do not show such a preference and both meters are common in Turkey. This is an example of:

Infants recognizing their own leg movements over leg movements of another child provide an example of

Kellman and Spelke (1983) showed 4-month-old infants a display of a rod, partially occluded behind a box. What was the purpose of this experiment?

In the kitten carousel study by Held and Hein (1963), two kittens were initially deprived of visual input until they could locomote and then received identical visual stimulation in a carousel apparatus. Critically, one kitten was "active" and allowed to move about on its own, while the second kitten was "passive" and pulled around the carousel by the first kitten. What were the key findings of this study, and how do they relate to what you have learned about perceptual development in infants?

With sufficient distance cues present, an observer will perceive an object to be of the same size regardless of its distance from the observer. This phenomenon is called:

The Intersensory Redundancy Hypothesis postulates that multimodal information is important early in life. Briefly discuss the components of this hypothesis and what it postulates about multimodal events.