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The productive wheat lands of parts of Washington, Oregon, and Idaho are underlain by soils incorporating volcanic ash and classified as ________.


A) Andisols
B) Mollisols
C) Alfisols
D) Oxisols
E) Histosols

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Acid soils deprive plants of nutrients by the process of leaching.

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Which of the following represents an addition to soil water?


A) percolation
B) evaporation
C) transpiration
D) weathering
E) none of the above

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After gravitational water has drained away, ________ is the water that remains in the soil and is available for use by plants.


A) groundwater
B) hygroscopic water
C) capillary water
D) water of cohesion
E) free water

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Organic matter usually comprises about ________ percent of total soil volume.


A) 5
B) 10
C) 25
D) 35
E) 95

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An Alfisol is most closely related to


A) an Andisol.
B) the tropical desert.
C) heavy weathering.
D) the tundra.
E) transitional environments.

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Seeds germinate mainly in the ________ horizon.


A) A
B) B
C) C
D) E
E) R

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Under natural conditions, the time necessary for soil formation is about equal to that for soil degradation.

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The regolith is found on top of the soil.

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The dynamic relationship between precipitation and evaporation in any given location is the ________.


A) capillary action
B) leaching
C) illuviation
D) soil-water balance
E) all of the above

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The most weathered and leached of all soils are the ________.


A) Spodosols
B) Alfisols
C) Inceptisols
D) Aridisols
E) Oxisols

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Parent material is closely associated with which soil-forming factor?


A) geologic
B) climatic
C) topographic
D) chronological
E) biological

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In cool climates, areas of poor drainage have pedogenic regimes of gleization.

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The soil classification system currently in use in the United States is called the ________.


A) Great Soil Group
B) Soil Taxonomy
C) Latin System
D) Edaphic Index
E) Pedogenic Factor

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________ are roughly similar to Alfisols except that they are more thoroughly weathered and more completely leached of nutrient bases.

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Mollisols are, on the whole, the most ________ of all soil orders.


A) productive
B) limited
C) polar
D) equatorial
E) neutral

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Which of the following horizons is found furthest from the surface of the soil?


A) O
B) R
C) B
D) C
E) E

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The measure of acidity/alkalinity in soils is based on the relative concentration of active hydrogen ions.

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Field capacity is the maximum amount of water that can be retained in the soil after gravitational water has drained away.

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If you lived in Texas or California and your house foundation crumbled because the soil swelled when it was wet and cracked when it was dry, chances are that the soil would be a(n)


A) Alfisol.
B) Mollisol.
C) Oxisol.
D) Entisol.
E) Vertisol.

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