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Exam 19: The History of Life on Earth

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Question 1

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The appearance of the element ________ in the atmosphere allowed an ozone layer to develop that blocked ultraviolet rays from the sun.

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Question 2

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It is known that RNA can sometimes act as an enzyme for the synthesis of:

A) lipids.
B) proteins.
C) more RNA.
D) more DNA.

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Question 3

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Some groups of dinosaurs are known to have run very rapidly, a deduction based on measuring their stride and comparing this to body size. They also lived in arctic regions. These facts suggest to some that these dinosaurs were warm-blooded. This supports the theory that modern ________ are direct descendants of the dinosaurs.

During the Silurian, the oxygen gas concentration in the atmosphere is postulated to have reached an amount equivalent to more than 10 percent of its present-day concentration. Thus, nearly all lethal ultraviolet radiation was eliminated from the atmosphere, making dry land available for newly evolved forms. Which of the following major events in the evolution of animals and plants probably occurred at this time?

Which kingdom of Domain Eukarya is probably the ancestor of all the other kingdoms?

Many of the oldest known fossils most closely resemble which modern organisms?

Cone-bearing plants are known as ________.

The most ancient vertebrates fossils are of the jawless fish. The oldest rocks in which these fossils are found are strata of the Ordovician period, just above the Cambrian. It must, therefore, be true that:

If a 10-mile-wide comet hit Earth, how would this likely affect the history of life?

An organelle is found to have its own DNA and to make some of its own ribosomes and protein without the help of DNA in the cell's nucleus. Such organelles probably evolved from what were once:

The early large supercontinent called Pangaea contained all of Earth's landmass during the ________ era.

What adaptations allowed reptiles to inhabit much drier environments than amphibians?

The first terrestrial animals were:

The first cells that evolved on Earth were probably:

One of the difficulties in understanding the evolution of life on Earth is our inability to appreciate the enormous spans of time involved.

Scientists have succeeded in producing RNA in the laboratory that can self-replicate without human intervention, duplicating one of the first steps in the origin of life.

Which kingdom of Domain Eukarya is more or less undefined? That is, if an organism isn't obviously in one of the other Eukarya kingdoms, it is placed in which of the following kingdoms?

If the early Earth's atmosphere contained little or no free O₂, then where did most of the 20 percent O₂ in our modern atmosphere come from?

During which period did the vertebrates begin to evolve?

The explosion of early marine arthropods can be considered a preadaptation for life on land because that shell can: