Question 1

What is one limitation of the ethnographic method?

Accepted Answer

A)   Investigators' cultural values sometimes lead them to misinterpret what they see.
B)   It provides little information on how children and adults actually behave.
C)   It relies on unobtrusive techniques, such as surveillance cameras and one-way mirrors.
D)   It provides little information about the reasoning behind participants' responses.

Question 2

Describe longitudinal design,and explain its strengths and weaknesses.

Accepted Answer

In a longitudinal design,participants ar...

Question 3

Dr.Langley's work is devoted to understanding constancy and change throughout the lifespan.Dr.Langley's field of study is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   genetics
B)   clinical psychology
C)   adolescent development
D)   developmental science

Question 4

Bernadette,a participant in a longitudinal study,became quite familiar with the test over time and,as a result,her performance improved.This limitation of longitudinal research is known as __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   biased sampling
B)   practice effects
C)   random assignment
D)   cohort effects

Question 5

The lifespan perspective on human development assumes that development is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   static and stable
B)   multidimensional and multidirectional
C)   continuous, rather than discontinuous
D)   largely the result of heredity

Question 6

Many theorists believe that behaviorism and social learning theory __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   overemphasize the plasticity of cognitive development
B)   overestimate people's contributions to their own development
C)   offer too narrow a view of important environmental influences
D)   overemphasize each individual's unique life history

Question 7

Ethnographic research is directed toward understanding a culture through __________ observation.

Accepted Answer

A)   naturalistic
B)   participant
C)   systematic
D)   structured

Question 8

In an experimental study examining whether the way angry encounters end affects children's emotional reactions,the dependent variable would be the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   way the angry encounters end
B)   amount of unresolved anger
C)   frequency of angry encounters
D)   children's emotional reactions

Question 9

In a __________,each participant has an equal opportunity to display the behavior of interest.

Accepted Answer

A)   clinical interview
B)   naturalistic observation
C)   structured observation
D)   case study

Question 10

Theorists who emphasize plasticity believe that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   change in response to influential experiences is possible
B)   heredity, rather than the environment, influences behavior
C)   individuals who are high in anxiety as children will remain so at later ages
D)   early experiences establish a lifelong pattern of behavior

Question 11

Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   wrote the first book of its time on aging
B)   were among the first to make child development knowledge meaningful to parents
C)   regarded development as a maturational process
D)   constructed the first successful intelligence test

Question 12

Increasingly,researchers __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   assume that development stops at adolescence
B)   view old age as a period of decline
C)   view heredity as more influential than the environment
D)   see development as a perpetually ongoing process

Question 13

The outermost level of Bronfenbrenner's model is the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   microsystem
B)   macrosystem
C)   exosystem
D)   mesosystem

Question 14

Developmental science is __________ because it has grown through the combined efforts of people from many fields of study.

Accepted Answer

A)   interdisciplinary
B)   empirical
C)   applied
D)   theoretical

Question 15

Dr.McBride wants to know if the teacher's use of encouragement in the classroom affects the children's self-esteem.To assign children to treatment conditions,Dr.McBride should __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   carefully distribute the children according to their test scores
B)   divide the children so each group has an equal number of boys and girls
C)   draw the children's names out of a hat
D)   assign the quieter children to the same treatment condition

Question 16

According to operant conditioning theory,__________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the frequency of a behavior can be increased through punishment, such as disapproval
B)   normal development must be understood in relation to each culture's life situation
C)   the id develops as parents insist that children conform to the values of society
D)   the frequency of a behavior can be increased by following it with a wide variety of reinforcers

Question 17

Although Betty grew up in a rundown neighborhood,had divorced parents,and rarely saw her father,she is a successful,happy,and healthy adult.Betty's ability to adapt effectively in the face of threats to development is known as __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   assimilation
B)   resilience
C)   age-graded development
D)   multidimensional development

Question 18

A major limitation of systematic observation is that it __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   provides little information on how participants actually behave
B)   tells investigators little about the reasoning behind responses and behaviors
C)   underestimates the capacities of individuals who have difficulty putting their thoughts into words
D)   ignores participants with poor memories, who may have trouble recalling exactly what happened

Question 19

Which statement describes a limitation of the clinical method?

Accepted Answer

A)   It may not yield observations typical of participants' behavior in everyday life.
B)   Researchers cannot control conditions under which participants are observed.
C)   The findings cannot be applied to individuals other than the participant.
D)   It does not usually yield rich, descriptive insights into factors that affect development.

Question 20

Dr.Anodyne found a correlation of +.49 between illegal drug use and levels of adolescent delinquency.This correlation is __________ and __________.

Accepted Answer

A)   moderate; positive
B)   low; positive
C)   high; negative
D)   low; negative

Exam 1: History, theory, and Research Strategies

Many theorists believe that behaviorism and social learning theory __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which statement describes a limitation of the clinical method?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A major limitation of systematic observation is that it __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr.Langley's work is devoted to understanding constancy and change throughout the lifespan.Dr.Langley's field of study is __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

According to operant conditioning theory,__________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a __________,each participant has an equal opportunity to display the behavior of interest.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The lifespan perspective on human development assumes that development is __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Theorists who emphasize plasticity believe that __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr.McBride wants to know if the teacher's use of encouragement in the classroom affects the children's self-esteem.To assign children to treatment conditions,Dr.McBride should __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The outermost level of Bronfenbrenner's model is the __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr.Anodyne found a correlation of +.49 between illegal drug use and levels of adolescent delinquency.This correlation is __________ and __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe longitudinal design,and explain its strengths and weaknesses.

Correct AnswerverifiedIn a longitudinal design,participants ar...View AnswerShow Answer

Ethnographic research is directed toward understanding a culture through __________ observation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Developmental science is __________ because it has grown through the combined efforts of people from many fields of study.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bernadette,a participant in a longitudinal study,became quite familiar with the test over time and,as a result,her performance improved.This limitation of longitudinal research is known as __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In an experimental study examining whether the way angry encounters end affects children's emotional reactions,the dependent variable would be the __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Although Betty grew up in a rundown neighborhood,had divorced parents,and rarely saw her father,she is a successful,happy,and healthy adult.Betty's ability to adapt effectively in the face of threats to development is known as __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Increasingly,researchers __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is one limitation of the ethnographic method?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Dr.Anodyne found a correlation of +.49 between illegal drug use and levels of adolescent delinquency.This correlation is and .

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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In a longitudinal design,participants ar...
View Answer

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