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How did Islam and Hinduism differ?


A) Hinduism stressed the egalitarianism of all believers, while Islam was more rigid in terms of orthodox belief.
B) Islam stressed the egalitarianism of all believers, while Hinduism was more rigid in terms of orthodox belief.
C) Islam stressed the egalitarianism of all believers, while Hinduism embraced a caste-based social system.
D) Hinduism stressed the egalitarianism of all believers, while Islam embraced a caste-based social system.

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The fall of Acre, the last crusader stronghold, occurred in what year?


A) 1099
B) 1135
C) 1193
D) 1291

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What group captured Baghdad in 1258?


A) Buyids
B) Seljuk Turks
C) Crusaders
D) Mongols

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What was al-Mahdi?s attitude toward the Shi?as?


A) He viewed them as opponents of his dynasty and attempted to eliminate them.
B) He appealed to the moderate factions of the Shi?as to support the Abbasid dynasty.
C) He accepted the fundamental doctrines of the Shi?as and abdicated.
D) In order to placate the Shi?as, al-Mahdi lived a pious life of poverty and simplicity.

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What was the result of the civil wars following the death of al -Rashid?


A) The Abbasid dynasty came to an end.
B) Candidates for the throne recognized the need to build up personal armies, often of slave soldiers.
C) Private armies were abolished in an attempt to curtail future violence over the succession.
D) The practice of electing Caliphs in Mecca was once again instituted.

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B

What was the impact of the Crusades on Islam?


A) The Muslims adopted military technology, words, and scientific knowledge, among other things from the West.
B) Although they resisted most influence, the Muslims did acquire a taste for Western cuisine.
C) There was minimal Western impact on Islam.
D) The Crusades temporarily cut off all exchange between the West and Islam.

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How did Hinduism respond to the challenge of Islam?


A) Hindus abandoned their emphasis on many deities in favor of monotheism in the person of Shiva.
B) Hindus placed greater emphasis on the devotional or bhaktic cults of gods and goddesses such as Shiva and Vishnu.
C) Hindus converted to Islam in increasing numbers, until Muslims outnumbered Hindus in the subcontinent.
D) The brahmins accepted Islam as a variety of orthodox Hindu belief, while anticipating the incorporation of the Muslim immigrants into the Indian caste system.

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How did the Caliph al-Mahdi resolve the problem of succession in the Abbasid dynasty?


A) He specified the rule of primogeniture, the succession of the oldest son.
B) He accepted the Shi?a doctrine that only the person with the most direct relationship to Muhammad should succeed.
C) He accepted the radical proposition that only a man of demonstrable Islamic purity should succeed.
D) He failed to resolve the problem of dynastic succession with disastrous results.

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What was the primary written language of the later Abbasid court?


A) Arabic
B) Persian
C) Latin
D) Greek

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What was the impact of the Crusades on the Christian West?


A) Christians adopted military techniques, words, scientific learning, and Arabic numerals among other things.
B) Christians rejected most Muslim influence, although they did gain a taste for Muslim wines and liquors.
C) There was no Muslim influence on the Christian West.
D) The Crusades interrupted the trade of the Mediterranean and cut off the West from Islam until 1293.

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Explain the reasons for the political disruption of the Abbasid empire prior to the rise of the Buyids.

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Difficulties of communication and moving...

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What ruler was associated with the transition from raiding to the establishment of an Islamic empire in the Indian subcontinent?


A) Mahmud of Ghazni
B) Muhammad ibn Qasim
C) Hajjaj
D) Muhammad of Ghur

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Which of the following groups did NOT revolt against Abbasid rule?


A) Slaves
B) Peasants
C) Sunnis
D) Shi?as

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Which of the following was NOT a reason for the decline of the Abbasid dynasty by the 9th century C.E.?


A) The collapse of the cities
B) Constant civil violence trained the treasury
C) New construction trained the treasury
D) Peasant risings

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A

What groups were responsible for the conversion of Indians to Islam?


A) Traders and Sufi mystics
B) Ulama and Sunni evangelists
C) Soldiers and Shi?a exiles
D) The Mongols and Seljuk Turks

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What accounts for the disruption of the agricultural economy of the Abbasid empire?


A) The decline of the cities led to a fall in the demand for food supplies and consequent drops in agricultural prices.
B) Progressive desiccation of the region led to a diminution of the land available for agriculture.
C) Spiralling taxation, the destruction of the irrigation works, and pillaging by mercenary armies led to destruction and abandonment of many villages.
D) The government ordered regions of the empire populated by Shi?as abandoned.

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Why were the practices of seclusion and veiling seen as essential in Islamic society?


A) Women were believed to be possessed of insatiable lust from which men had to be protected.
B) Veiling allowed women to hide their identities and to avoid the rash of dynastic strife.
C) Women were only permitted to engage in business if their identities were hidden.
D) Veiling was seen as a means of halting the practice of concubinage.

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A

Which of the following statements concerning the mercenary armies of the later Abbasid era is NOT accurate?


A) Mercenary troops became a disruptive force in the life of Baghdad and other cities.
B) They were consistently a major player in the factional contests for control of the capital and the empire.
C) They often consisted largely of slave troops.
D) Despite their tendency toward random violence, they loyally defended the Abbasid Caliphs.

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How did the Muslim conquerors of Sind treat the Hindu and Buddhist residents of the region?


A) All non-Muslims were put to death
B) Hindus and Buddhists were treated as dhimmis or ?peoples of the book?
C) Most of the Muslims converted to Hinduism
D) Forced conversions of the native population followed the Muslim military successes

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Which of the following statements concerning the Sufi movement within Islam is most accurate?


A) The Sufi movement stressed an increasingly restrictive conservatism within Islam.
B) The Sufi movement stressed withdrawal from other believers and isolation into monastic communities.
C) The Sufi movement incorporated mysticism with a trend toward evangelism.
D) The Sufi questioned the Islamic interest in the Greek traditions in science.

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