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Exam 28: Lipids: Lipoproteins

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Question 1

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A 30-year-old woman is brought to the physician because of a rash on her arms for 2 months and severe abdominal pain for the past 24 hours. She indicates that she has had intermittent upper abdominal pain during the past 1 to 2 years. Physical examination shows yellow papules on the extensor surfaces of the upper extremities. Palpation of the epigastric region of her abdomen causes pain. Her blood work shows serum amylase activity is increased and fasting serum concentrations of chylomicrons and triglycerides are markedly increased. Which of the following changes in apolipoprotein concentrations is most likely in this patient? a. decreased apoA-I
B) decreased apoB-III
C) decreased apoC-II
D increased apoB-100
E) increased apoE

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Question 2

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A 28-year-old man has the following symptoms: diffuse grayish corneal opacities, anemia, proteinuria, and hyperlipemia. His renal function is compromised and serum albumin level is elevated. Plasma triglycerides and unesterified cholesterol levels are elevated, as are levels of phosphatidylcholine. These symptoms are indicative of which of the following lipoprotein-associated disorder?

A) Bassen-Kornzweig syndrome
B) familial hypercholesterolemia (FH)
C) familial hypertriacylglycerolemia
D) familial lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) deficiency
E) Wolman disease

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Question 3

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Which of the following statements best distinguishes VLDL from chylomicrons?

Overexpression of Lp-PLA2 is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Which of the following represents a primary mechanism for this effect of the enzyme?

A 2-month-old male child is presented with microcephaly (head size smaller than normal) , micrognathia (abnormally small lower jaw) , ptosis (drooping eyelids) , a small upturned nose, cleft palate, and ambiguous genitalia. Following biochemical analysis it is determined that the infant has highly elevated levels of 7-dehydrocholesterol in his tissues. These findings are indicative of which of the following disorders?

High plasma levels of the lipoprotein particle identified as lipoprotein(a) (Lp[a]) have been shown to be a primary risk factor for coronary heart disease and stroke. Lp(a) is a unique lipoprotein assembled from low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and a single glycoprotein called apolipoprotein(a) (apo[a]) . Apo(a) is associated with LDL via a disulfide linkage to which other apolipoprotein?

Which of the following is involved in the transport of newly synthesized triglycerides from the liver to adipose tissue?

An increase in which of the following apolipoproteins would most likely be associated with a reduced risk for the development of atherosclerosis?

Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is the endothelial cell- associated enzyme necessary for release of fatty acids from circulating lipoproteins. Which of the following apolipoproteins is required to activate LPL-mediated release of fatty acids from chylomicrons?

You have referred a 27-year-old woman to a lipid research center for investigation of moderate hypertriglyceridemia. Analysis of her serum revealed the presence of abnormal lipid and lipoprotein profiles. Both HDL and LDL were less dense than normal and showed significant elevations in triglyceride content with the mass of triglycerides approximately the same as that of cholesterol. A deficiency in which of the following is the most likely cause of the observed lipid abnormalities?

A 23-year-old female presents with low red blood cell count, corneal opacities, and renal insufficiency. She is diagnosed with a deficiency in ratio of lecithin to cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) . In which of the following reactions is LCAT involved?

Plasma triglyceride derived from dietary fats is transported in the plasma as which of the following?

A 40-year-old man with a 10-year history of type 1 diabetes mellitus comes to the physician for a routine examination. He was diagnosed with pancreatitis 25 years ago after a 2-year history of recurrent abdominal pain. Physical examination shows a thin habitus and abdominal tenderness. After a 12-hour fast, his serum triglyceride concentration is 4000 mg/dL (normal = 60-134) . Intravenous heparin is administered in order to examine the patient's lipoprotein lipase activity. Plasma lipoprotein lipase activity is assayed and is extremely deficient in this man's blood. Which of the following proteins is most likely deficient in this patient?

A defect in which of the following proteins or complexes would result in the inability of HDL to transfer peripheral tissue cholesterol to circulating LDL?

You are studying the activities of a compound that is purported to be an inhibitor of the antioxidant functions of HDL. Administration of this compound to experimental animals does indeed result in elevated levels of oxidized LDL (oxLDL) in the plasma. Which of the following proteins is the most likely target of this compound accounting for the reduced antioxidant function of HDL?

A genetically based deficiency of which of the following will most likely result in decreased lipoprotein lipase activity?

A 23-year-old man is found to be incapable of producing chylomicrons. Which of the following is the most likely consequence of this disorder?

An increased plasma concentration of cholesterol is most likely to be caused by a deficiency of which of the following?

Cholesterol is transported in the bloodstream in LDL, which bind to specific membrane receptors on the peripheral tissue cell membranes. The cholesterol then enters these cells by which of the following mechanisms?

Which of the following is most likely to occur to the LDL receptor after it has been dissociated from LDL in the acidic early endosome?