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A pedestrian trips and falls on a poorly-lighted sidewalk in front of Kate Geller's house and is injured.If the pedestrian sues for damages,which of the following parties would be liable to pay the damages?


A) the civic authority
B) Kate Geller
C) the residents' association of the locality
D) the pedestrian

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Prado Loyola is a race-car driver who has signed an agreement with the racing team Provolt,stating that Provolt is not responsible for the dangers involved in racing and that Loyola participates in all car races voluntarily,with full knowledge of the risk of injury or death that might result as a consequence.During the course of the race,a slight drizzle that covers the windshield affects Loyola's visibility,and he misses a turn,resulting in a crash.Which of the following defenses can the Provost team cite to protect itself from liability in the event that Loyola sues them?


A) res ipsa loquitur
B) assumption of the risk
C) private necessity
D) breach of the duty of care

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The term ________ refers to a defense a defendant can use against a plaintiff who knowingly and voluntarily entered into or participated in an activity that had a high probability of resulting in injury to the plaintiff.


A) superseding event
B) comparative negligence
C) assumption of risk
D) intervening event

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Assault and battery are mutually exclusive torts that do not occur together.

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If a newspaper review calls a commercially-successful actor talentless,it is liable for defamation of character.

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A tort can be considered an assault without there being any actual physical contact.

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A bystander who suffers severe emotional distress on witnessing a heinous crime can claim damages for intentional infliction of emotional distress.

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Comparative negligence is a doctrine that says a plaintiff who is partially at fault for his or her own injury cannot recover against the negligent defendant.

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If a shoplifting suspect is detained for an unreasonably long time and is found to be innocent,the merchant is liable for the tort of malicious prosecution.

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Martha is walking along a street with her son when he is hit by a passing car just as he steps off the pavement.He dies in his mother's arms,leaving her traumatized.The court hearing the case rules that Martha's son was "not responsible for the accident." Martha can sue the person who killed her son to recover damages for ________.


A) tort of outrage
B) breach of duty of care
C) negligent infliction of emotional distress
D) transfer of intent

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A doctor driving on the wrong side of the road crashes into an eight-year-old boy riding a bicycle.Fearing the consequences,the doctor flees without reporting the accident or giving first-aid to the boy.The doctor is liable for professional malpractice.

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Under the ________ doctrine,damages are apportioned according to fault.


A) contributory negligence
B) comparative fault
C) proximate cause
D) assumption of risk

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Res ipsa loquitur applies when the plaintiff had exclusive control of the instrumentality or situation that caused his or her own injury.

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Which of the following torts constitutes battery?


A) stealing a person's wallet
B) threatening to shoot a person
C) blackmailing a person
D) poisoning a person's drink

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If a person did not have knowledge that his representation of facts was false,he is still liable for fraud.

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Which of the following best describes the tort of battery?


A) unauthorized and harmful or offensive physical contact with another person that causes injury
B) an action that arouses reasonable apprehension of imminent harm
C) oral or written defamation of another person's character
D) intentional confinement or restraint of another person without that person's consent

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________ refers to a doctrine that says a plaintiff who is partially at fault for his or her own injury cannot recover against the negligent defendant.


A) Contributory negligence
B) Comparative negligence
C) Comparative fault
D) Assumption of risk

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________ is a doctrine that raises a presumption of negligence and switches the burden to the defendant to prove that he or she was not negligent.


A) Res ipsa loquitur
B) Negligence per se
C) Doctrine of proximate cause
D) Doctrine of comparative negligence

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Libel and slander constitute ________.


A) the tort of outrage
B) defamation of character
C) the tort of appropriation
D) intentional misrepresentation

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A disparagement is an untrue statement made by one person or business about the products,services,property,or reputation of another business.

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