Question 1

A receptor array in the Limulus is connected by the lateral plexus. Receptor "A" is located 5 receptors to the left of Receptor "B." What stimulation will result in the greatest firing rate recorded from "A"

Accepted Answer

A)   stimulate A with 10 units of illumination
B)   stimulate A with 10 units of illumination and stimulate B with 10 units
C)   stimulate A with 10 units of illumination and stimulate B with 20 units
D)   stimulate A with 5 units of illumination and stimulate B with 20 unitsE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 2

_____ coding occurs when a particular object is represented by a pattern of firing of only a small group of neurons, with the majority of neurons remaining silent.

Accepted Answer

A)   Sparse
B)   Selective
C)   Limited
D)   SpecificE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 3

The different types of cortical cells that respond to specific stimuli are also known as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   inhibitory cells
B)   feature detectors
C)   direct circuits
D)   signal detectorsE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 4

In Mach bands, the darker area sends _____ lateral inhibition to the lighter area than the lighter area sends to the darker area.

Accepted Answer

A)   less
B)   more
C)   the same amount of
D)   noE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 5

The inability of lateral inhibition to explain some perceptual effects suggests that some contrast effects are based in _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   the retina.
B)   the cortex
C)   the lateral plexus
D)   the maculaE) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 6

Chad is reading when he sees an insect land on the corner of his book. He then makes an eye movement to look at the insect. The structure of the visual system that is most likely responsible for making this eye movement is the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   superior colliculus
B)   extrastriate cortex
C)   optic chiasm
D)   parietal cortexE) A) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 7

Describe the difference between simple cortical cells, complex cortical cells, and end-stopped cells.
(b) Explain why these cells are called "feature detectors."

Accepted Answer

Cells with side-by-side excitatory and i...

Question 8

When a kitten is exposed to an environment of just horizontal lines, the kitten _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   would pay attention only to vertical lines
B)   would pay attention only to horizontal lines
C)   would have cortical cells that only respond to vertical lines
D)   would have cortical cells that respond to horizontal lines, but none to vertical linesE) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 9

Human lateral inhibition is most likely accomplished by _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   end-stopped cells
B)   extrastriate cells
C)   bipolar cells
D)   dissociative cellsE) All of the above
F) A) and C)

Question 10

______ cells fire to moving lines of a specific length or to moving corners or angles.

Accepted Answer

A)   Complex
B)   Simplex
C)   End-stopped
D)   EdgeE) All of the above
F) C) and D)

Question 11

The flow of information to the _____ from the _____ is greater than from the _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   cortex; LGN; retina
B)   LGN; retina; cortex
C)   retina; LGN; cortex
D)   LGN; cortex; retinaE) None of the above
F) B) and D)

Question 12

The gray intersections in the Hermann Grid _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   are physically present
B)   are explained by dark adaptation
C)   support the claim that "perception is not the same as the physical stimulus"
D)   support the claim that what is learned in animals is not applicable to humansE) All of the above
F) None of the above

Question 13

To measure _____, the experimenter decreases the intensity difference between the light bars and the dark bars until an observer can just barely detect the difference between the dark bars and the light bars.

Accepted Answer

A)   Mach bands
B)   contrast threshold
C)   phase continuity
D)   brightness constancyE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 14

A stimulus that contains alternating black and white bars is called a _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   grating
B)   grid
C)   Boolean array
D)   Moire patternE) A) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 15

You can create a version of the _____ by illuminating a light-colored surface with a desk lamp and casting a shadow with a piece of paper.

Accepted Answer

A)   Hermann Grid
B)   Mach bands
C)   Benary Cross
D)   illusory squareE) None of the above
F) All of the above

Question 16

When we view a stimulus with a specific property, neurons tuned to that property fire and will eventually become fatigued, an effect called _____ adaptation.

Accepted Answer

A)   selective
B)   refractory
C)   depletion
D)   massedE) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 17

The inability of lateral inhibition to account for more complex effects shows how _____.

Accepted Answer

A)   physiological explanations may need to be modified by perceptual results
B)   physiological explanations rarely hold across species
C)   perceptual explanations are typically consistent across species
D)   what we learn from animals is rarely applicable to humansE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 18

What happens when the straight lines of the Hermann Grid are made curvy
Why is this a problem

Accepted Answer

When the grid's usual straight lines are...

Question 19

When _____, lateral inhibition can no longer account for the Hermann Grid.

Accepted Answer

A)   the lines are made curvy
B)   illumination is increased
C)   illumination is decreased
D)   the number of squares is increasedE) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 20

_________: Limulus :: ________: human retina.

Accepted Answer

A)   Horizontal cells; amacrine cells
B)   Amacrine cells; horizontal cells
C)   Lateral plexus; horizontal and amacrine cells
D)   Lateral plexus; rodsE) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Exam 3: Neural Processing

The gray intersections in the Hermann Grid _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_________: Limulus :: ________: human retina.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A stimulus that contains alternating black and white bars is called a _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

_____ coding occurs when a particular object is represented by a pattern of firing of only a small group of neurons, with the majority of neurons remaining silent.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Human lateral inhibition is most likely accomplished by _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What happens when the straight lines of the Hermann Grid are made curvy Why is this a problem

Correct AnswerverifiedWhen the grid's usual straight lines are...View AnswerShow Answer

In Mach bands, the darker area sends _____ lateral inhibition to the lighter area than the lighter area sends to the darker area.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When a kitten is exposed to an environment of just horizontal lines, the kitten _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The flow of information to the _____ from the _____ is greater than from the _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The inability of lateral inhibition to explain some perceptual effects suggests that some contrast effects are based in _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The inability of lateral inhibition to account for more complex effects shows how _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A receptor array in the Limulus is connected by the lateral plexus. Receptor "A" is located 5 receptors to the left of Receptor "B." What stimulation will result in the greatest firing rate recorded from "A"

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

You can create a version of the _____ by illuminating a light-colored surface with a desk lamp and casting a shadow with a piece of paper.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Chad is reading when he sees an insect land on the corner of his book. He then makes an eye movement to look at the insect. The structure of the visual system that is most likely responsible for making this eye movement is the _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When we view a stimulus with a specific property, neurons tuned to that property fire and will eventually become fatigued, an effect called _____ adaptation.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Describe the difference between simple cortical cells, complex cortical cells, and end-stopped cells. (b) Explain why these cells are called "feature detectors."

Correct AnswerverifiedCells with side-by-side excitatory and i...View AnswerShow Answer

The different types of cortical cells that respond to specific stimuli are also known as _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When _____, lateral inhibition can no longer account for the Hermann Grid.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

______ cells fire to moving lines of a specific length or to moving corners or angles.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To measure _____, the experimenter decreases the intensity difference between the light bars and the dark bars until an observer can just barely detect the difference between the dark bars and the light bars.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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_: Limulus :: : human retina.

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When the grid's usual straight lines are...
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The flow of information to the ___ from the _ is greater than from the ___.

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Cells with side-by-side excitatory and i...
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