Question 1

One of the following people set up a closed system to mimic Earth's early atmosphere and discharged electrical sparks through it. A variety of organic compounds common in organisms were formed. Who did this?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stanley Miller
B)  Jakob Berzelius
C)  Friedrich Wohler
D)  Hermann Kolbe
E)  August Kekulé

Question 2

Research indicates that Albuterol, a drug used to relax bronchial muscles, improving airflow and thus offering relief from asthma, consists only of one enantiomer, the R-form. Why is it important for this drug to consist of only one enantiomeric form, rather than a mixture of enantiomers?

Accepted Answer

A)  Different enantiomers may have different or opposite physiological effects.
B)  It is impossible to synthesize mixtures of enantiomers.
C)  It is much less expensive to synthesize one enantiomer at a time.
D)  Albuterol is an example of a compound for which only one enantiomer exists.
E)  Only the R-form of Albuterol has been studied; until more information is available, physicians prefer to use the pure R-form.

Question 3

Research indicates that Ibuprofen, a drug used to relieve inflammation and pain, is a mixture of two enantiomers; that is, molecules that

Accepted Answer

A)  have identical three-dimensional shapes.
B)  are mirror images of one another.
C)  lack an asymmetric carbon.
D)  differ in the location of their double bonds.
E)  differ in their electrical charge. B

Question 4

The following questions refer to the functional groups shown in Figure 4.6.
 A. $- \mathrm { OH }$
D. $- \mathrm { NH } _ { 2 }$

B.

E. - SH
C.

-Which is a basic functional group that can accept H+ and become positively charged?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the functional...

Question 5

A carbon skeleton is covalently bonded to both an amino group and a carboxyl group. When placed in water it

Accepted Answer

A)  would function only as an acid because of the carboxyl group.
B)  would function only as a base because of the amino group.
C)  would function as neither an acid nor a base.
D)  would function as both an acid and a base.
E)  is impossible to determine how it would function.

Question 6

The following questions refer to the molecules shown in Figure 4.7.
 A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

-Which molecule is an alcohol?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the molecules...

Question 7

Which of the following people used this apparatus to study formation of organic compounds?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stanley Miller
B)  Jakob Berzelius
C)  Friedrich Wohler
D)  Hermann Kolbe
E)  August Kekulé

Question 8

Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?

Accepted Answer

A)  ketone and aldehyde
B)  carbonyl and carboxyl
C)  carboxyl and amino
D)  phosphate and sulfhydryl
E)  hydroxyl and aldehyde

Question 9

The following questions refer to the molecules shown in Figure 4.7.
 A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

-Which molecule contains a carboxyl group?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the molecules...

Question 10

A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond(s) with other atoms?

Accepted Answer

A)  ionic
B)  hydrogen
C)  covalent
D)  A and B only
E)  A, B, and C

Question 11

-Shown here in Figure 4.2 are the structures of glucose and fructose. These two molecules differ in the

Accepted Answer

A)  number of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.
B)  types of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.
C)  arrangement of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.
D)  number of oxygen atoms joined to carbon atoms by double covalent bonds.
E)  answers A, B, and C C

Question 12

The experimental approach taken in current biological investigations presumes that

Accepted Answer

A)  simple organic compounds can be synthesized in the laboratory from inorganic precursors, but complex organic compounds like carbohydrates and proteins can only be synthesized by living organisms.
B)  a life force ultimately controls the activities of living organisms and this life force cannot be studied by physical or chemical methods.
C)  although a life force, or vitalism, exists in living organisms, this life force cannot be studied by physical or chemical methods.
D)  living organisms are composed of the same elements present in nonliving things, plus a few special trace elements found only in living organisms or their products.
E)  living organisms can be understood in terms of the same physical and chemical laws that can be used to explain all natural phenomena. E

Question 13

The following questions refer to the molecules shown in Figure 4.8.
 A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

-Organic chemistry is currently defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  the study of compounds made only by living cells.
B)  the study of carbon compounds.
C)  the study of vital forces.
D)  the study of natural (as opposed to synthetic) compounds.
E)  the study of hydrocarbons.

Question 14

Which of the pairs of molecular structures shown below do NOT depict enantiomers (enantiomeric forms) of the same molecule?

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)   
C)   
D)   
E)

Question 15

The following questions refer to the molecules shown in Figure 4.8.
 A.

B.

C.

D.

E.

-Which molecule contains a sulfhydryl functional group?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the molecules...

Question 16

Which of the following statements correctly describes geometric isomers?

Accepted Answer

A)  They have variations in arrangement around a double bond.
B)  They have an asymmetric carbon that makes them mirror images.
C)  They have the same chemical properties.
D)  They have different molecular formulas.
E)  Their atoms and bonds are arranged in different sequences.

Question 17

Which of the following people synthesized an organic compound, acetic acid, from inorganic substances that had been prepared directly from pure elements?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stanley Miller
B)  Jakob Berzelius
C)  Friedrich Wohler
D)  Hermann Kolbe
E)  August Kekulé

Question 18

The following questions refer to the functional groups shown in Figure 4.6.
 A. $- \mathrm { OH }$
D. $- \mathrm { NH } _ { 2 }$

B.

E. - SH
C.

-Which is an amino functional group?

Accepted Answer

The answer of The following questions refer to the functional...

Question 19

Three or four of the pairs of structures shown below depict enantiomers (enantiomeric forms) of the same molecule. Which pair, if any, are NOT enantiomers of a single molecule? If each of the pairs depicts enantiomers, choose answer F.

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)   
C)   
D)   
E)   F) Both illustrations in each of the other answer choices depict enantiomers of the same molecule.

Question 20

One of the following people was the first to suggest that organic compounds, those found in living organisms, were distinctly different from inorganic compounds found in the nonliving world. Though this suggestion is now known to be incorrect, it stimulated important research into organic compounds. Who suggested this?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stanley Miller
B)  Jakob Berzelius
C)  Friedrich Wohler
D)  Hermann Kolbe
E)  August Kekulé

Exam 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

One of the following people set up a closed system to mimic Earth's early atmosphere and discharged electrical sparks through it. A variety of organic compounds common in organisms were formed. Who did this?

Correct Answer
verified

Research indicates that Albuterol, a drug used to relax bronchial muscles, improving airflow and thus offering relief from asthma, consists only of one enantiomer, the R-form. Why is it important for this drug to consist of only one enantiomeric form, rather than a mixture of enantiomers?

Correct Answer
verified

Research indicates that Ibuprofen, a drug used to relieve inflammation and pain, is a mixture of two enantiomers; that is, molecules that

Correct Answer
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B

Correct Answer
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A carbon skeleton is covalently bonded to both an amino group and a carboxyl group. When placed in water it

Correct Answer
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The following questions refer to the molecules shown in Figure 4.7. A. B. C. D. E. -Which molecule is an alcohol?

Correct Answer
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Which of the following people used this apparatus to study formation of organic compounds?

Correct Answer
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Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?

Correct Answer
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The following questions refer to the molecules shown in Figure 4.7. A. B. C. D. E. -Which molecule contains a carboxyl group?

Correct Answer
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A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond(s) with other atoms?

Correct Answer
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-Shown here in Figure 4.2 are the structures of glucose and fructose. These two molecules differ in the

Correct Answer
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C

The experimental approach taken in current biological investigations presumes that

Correct Answer
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E

The following questions refer to the molecules shown in Figure 4.8. A. B. C. D. E. -Organic chemistry is currently defined as

Correct Answer
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Which of the pairs of molecular structures shown below do NOT depict enantiomers (enantiomeric forms) of the same molecule?

Correct Answer
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The following questions refer to the molecules shown in Figure 4.8. A. B. C. D. E. -Which molecule contains a sulfhydryl functional group?

Correct Answer
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Which of the following statements correctly describes geometric isomers?

Correct Answer
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Which of the following people synthesized an organic compound, acetic acid, from inorganic substances that had been prepared directly from pure elements?

Correct Answer
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Three or four of the pairs of structures shown below depict enantiomers (enantiomeric forms) of the same molecule. Which pair, if any, are NOT enantiomers of a single molecule? If each of the pairs depicts enantiomers, choose answer F.

Correct Answer
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Exam 4: Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life

One of the following people set up a closed system to mimic Earth's early atmosphere and discharged electrical sparks through it. A variety of organic compounds common in organisms were formed. Who did this?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research indicates that Albuterol, a drug used to relax bronchial muscles, improving airflow and thus offering relief from asthma, consists only of one enantiomer, the R-form. Why is it important for this drug to consist of only one enantiomeric form, rather than a mixture of enantiomers?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Research indicates that Ibuprofen, a drug used to relieve inflammation and pain, is a mixture of two enantiomers; that is, molecules that

Correct AnswerverifiedB

The following questions refer to the functional groups shown in Figure 4.6. A. −OH- \mathrm { OH }−OH D. −NH2- \mathrm { NH } _ { 2 }−NH2​ B. E. - SH C. -Which is a basic functional group that can accept H+ and become positively charged?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A carbon skeleton is covalently bonded to both an amino group and a carboxyl group. When placed in water it

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The following questions refer to the molecules shown in Figure 4.7. A. B. C. D. E. -Which molecule is an alcohol?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following people used this apparatus to study formation of organic compounds?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The following questions refer to the molecules shown in Figure 4.7. A. B. C. D. E. -Which molecule contains a carboxyl group?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond(s) with other atoms?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

-Shown here in Figure 4.2 are the structures of glucose and fructose. These two molecules differ in the

Correct AnswerverifiedC

The experimental approach taken in current biological investigations presumes that

Correct AnswerverifiedE

The following questions refer to the molecules shown in Figure 4.8. A. B. C. D. E. -Organic chemistry is currently defined as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the pairs of molecular structures shown below do NOT depict enantiomers (enantiomeric forms) of the same molecule?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The following questions refer to the molecules shown in Figure 4.8. A. B. C. D. E. -Which molecule contains a sulfhydryl functional group?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements correctly describes geometric isomers?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following people synthesized an organic compound, acetic acid, from inorganic substances that had been prepared directly from pure elements?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The following questions refer to the functional groups shown in Figure 4.6. A. −OH- \mathrm { OH }−OH D. −NH2- \mathrm { NH } _ { 2 }−NH2​ B. E. - SH C. -Which is an amino functional group?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Three or four of the pairs of structures shown below depict enantiomers (enantiomeric forms) of the same molecule. Which pair, if any, are NOT enantiomers of a single molecule? If each of the pairs depicts enantiomers, choose answer F.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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B

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C

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E

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