Question 1

The equilibrium potential of sodium is

Accepted Answer

A)   -90mV.
B)   -65mV.
C)   -70mV.
D)   +30mV.
E)   +66mV.F) C) and D)
G) C) and E)

Question 2

Puffer fish poison blocks voltage-gated sodium channels like a cork. What effect would this neurotoxin haveon the function of neurons?

Accepted Answer

A)   Neurons would depolarize more rapidly.
B)   Action potentials would lack a repolarization phase.
C)   The absolute refractory period would be shorter than normal.
D)   The axon would be unable to generate action potentials.
E)   None, because the chemically gated sodium channels would still function.F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

Question 3

Cholinergic synapses release the neurotransmitter

Accepted Answer

A)   norepinephrine.
B)   adrenalin.
C)   serotonin.
D)   acetylcholine.
E)   GABA.F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 4

Figure 12-2 The Nerve Action Potential
 
Use Figure 12-2 to answer the following questions:
-What is occurring at the area labeled #4?

Accepted Answer

A)   An inhibitory stimulus has occurred.
B)   Chemically gated potassium channels have opened.
C)   Excessive potassium has diffused out causing hyperpolarization.
D)   Sodium ions have been pumped out of the neuron.
E)   Excessive depolarization of the axon has occurred.F) B) and C)
G) C) and D)

Question 5

The site of intercellular communication between a neuron and another cell is the

Accepted Answer

A)   telodendria.
B)   axolemma.
C)   collateral.
D)   hillock.
E)   synapse.F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 6

The all-or-none principle states that

Accepted Answer

A)   all stimuli will produce identical action potentials.
B)   all stimuli great enough to bring the membrane to threshold will produce identical action potentials.
C)   the greater the magnitude of the stimuli, the greater the magnitude of the action potential.
D)   only sensory stimuli can activate action potentials.
E)   only motor stimuli can activate action potentials.F) C) and E)
G) None of the above

Question 7

If acetylcholine (ACh)  causes inhibition of a postsynaptic neuron, to what type of membrane channel didtheACh bind?

Accepted Answer

A)   mechanically-regulated channel
B)   voltage-regulated sodium channel
C)   voltage-regulated calcium channel
D)   chemically-regulated potassium channel
E)   chemically-regulated sodium channelF) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 8

If the chemically gated sodium channels in the postsynaptic membrane were completely blocked,

Accepted Answer

A)   synaptic transmission would fail.
B)   release of neurotransmitter would stop.
C)   smaller action potentials would result.
D)   the presynaptic membrane would be unable to reach threshold.
E)   the presynaptic neuron would release a different neurotransmitter.F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 9

The efferent division of the peripheral nervous system innervates ________ cells.

Accepted Answer

A)   skeletal muscle
B)   smooth muscle
C)   heart muscle
D)   glandular
E)   All of the answers are correct.F) A) and D)
G) None of the above

Question 10

Which of the following is a type of glial cell found in the peripheral nervous system?

Accepted Answer

A)   astrocytes
B)   satellite cells
C)   oligodendrocytes
D)   microglia
E)   ependymal cellsF) C) and D)
G) B) and C)

Question 11

At a(n)  ________ synapse, a neurotransmitter is released to stimulate the postsynaptic membrane.

Accepted Answer

A)   electrical
B)   cell
C)   chemical
D)   osmotic
E)   gapF) A) and E)
G) All of the above

Question 12

The minimum stimulus required to trigger an action potential is known as the

Accepted Answer

A)   threshold.
B)   all-or-none response.
C)   potential.
D)   incentive.
E)   summation.F) All of the above
G) B) and E)

Question 13

Rapid impulse conduction from "node" to "node" is called

Accepted Answer

A)   spatial propagation.
B)   saltatory propagation.
C)   divergent propagation.
D)   synaptic transmission.
E)   continuous propagation.F) B) and D)
G) A) and E)

Question 14

________ monitor the digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, urinary, and reproductive systems.

Accepted Answer

A)   Spinal nerves
B)   Unipolar neurons
C)   Internoceptors
D)   Exteroceptors
E)   ProprioceptorsF) None of the above
G) B) and C)

Question 15

Regions of the CNS with an abundance of myelinated axons constitute the ________ matter.

Accepted Answer

A)   gray
B)   white
C)   neural
D)   brain
E)   ganglionF) None of the above
G) A) and E)

Question 16

The period during which an excitable membrane cannot respond to further stimulation is the ________ period.

Accepted Answer

A)   relative refractory
B)   absolute refractory
C)   resting
D)   lag
E)   stationaryF) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

Question 17

All of the following cause demyelination except

Accepted Answer

A)   heavy-metal ion poisoning.
B)   diphtheria.
C)   multiple sclerosis.
D)   dopamine deficiency.
E)   All of these cause demyelination.F) A) and B)
G) C) and E)

Question 18

Figure 12-2 The Nerve Action Potential
 
Use Figure 12-2 to answer the following questions:
-In which area of the graph do you see a sudden rush of sodium ions into the neuron?

Accepted Answer

A)   1
B)   2
C)   3
D)   4E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

Question 19

Which of the following statements about the action potential is false?

Accepted Answer

A)   The rapid depolarization phase is caused by the entry of potassium ions.
B)   During the repolarization phase, sodium channels close and potassium channels open.
C)   During the depolarization phase, membrane potential becomes positive.
D)   During the hyperpolarization phase, the ion pumps re-establish the sodium and potassium concentrations across the cell membrane.
E)   Repolarization occurs as potassium ions leave the axon.F) A) and C)
G) B) and E)

Question 20

The release of GABA and subsequent inhibition of voltage gated calcium channels is associated with

Accepted Answer

A)   presynaptic inhibition.
B)   presynaptic facilitation.
C)   spatial summation.
D)   temporal summation.
E)   spatial facilitation.F) B) and C)
G) B) and D)

Exam 12: Nervous Tissue

The site of intercellular communication between a neuron and another cell is the

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________ monitor the digestive, respiratory, cardiovascular, urinary, and reproductive systems.

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Puffer fish poison blocks voltage-gated sodium channels like a cork. What effect would this neurotoxin haveon the function of neurons?

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The minimum stimulus required to trigger an action potential is known as the

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Which of the following is a type of glial cell found in the peripheral nervous system?

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The period during which an excitable membrane cannot respond to further stimulation is the ________ period.

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All of the following cause demyelination except

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The release of GABA and subsequent inhibition of voltage gated calcium channels is associated with

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If acetylcholine (ACh) causes inhibition of a postsynaptic neuron, to what type of membrane channel didtheACh bind?

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Figure 12-2 The Nerve Action Potential Use Figure 12-2 to answer the following questions: -What is occurring at the area labeled #4?

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Cholinergic synapses release the neurotransmitter

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The all-or-none principle states that

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Rapid impulse conduction from "node" to "node" is called

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Regions of the CNS with an abundance of myelinated axons constitute the ________ matter.

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The efferent division of the peripheral nervous system innervates ________ cells.

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Which of the following statements about the action potential is false?

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Figure 12-2 The Nerve Action Potential Use Figure 12-2 to answer the following questions: -In which area of the graph do you see a sudden rush of sodium ions into the neuron?

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At a(n) ________ synapse, a neurotransmitter is released to stimulate the postsynaptic membrane.

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If the chemically gated sodium channels in the postsynaptic membrane were completely blocked,

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The equilibrium potential of sodium is

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