Question 1

Organisms categorized as osmoconformers are most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  found in freshwater lakes and streams.
B)  marine.
C)  amphibious.
D)  found in arid terrestrial environments.
E)  found in terrestrial environments with adequate moisture.

Question 2

Trauma to the human kidney could result in a urinary filtrate containing an abnormally high level of

Accepted Answer

A)  fatty acids.
B)  glucose.
C)  salts.
D)  erythrocytes.
E)  vitamins.

Question 3

Many marine and freshwater bony fish achieve osmoregulation via

Accepted Answer

A)  loss of water through the gills.
B)  gain of salt through the gills.
C)  loss of water in the urine.
D)  no drinking of water.
E)  gain of water through food.

Question 4

Ammonia

Accepted Answer

A)  is soluble in water.
B)  can be stored in the body as a precipitate.
C)  has low toxicity relative to urea.
D)  is metabolically more expensive to synthesize than urea.
E)  is the major nitrogenous waste excreted by insects.

Question 5

The advantage of excreting nitrogenous wastes as urea rather than as ammonia is that

Accepted Answer

A)  urea can be exchanged for Na⁺.
B)  urea is less toxic than ammonia.
C)  urea requires more water for excretion than ammonia.
D)  urea does not affect the osmolar gradient.
E)  less nitrogen is removed from the body.

Question 6

If the concentration of glucose in the blood flowing through the kidneys is within normal range, which of the following statements is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  The nephron pumps glucose into the collecting duct.
B)  Most glucose within the nephron tubule is reabsorbed by the blood.
C)  The Bowman's capsule secretes glucose back into the blood.
D)  No glucose passes from the glomerulus to the Bowman's capsule.
E)  Most glucose that passes from the blood into the nephron tubule remains in the urine and is excreted.

Question 7

Birds that live in marine environments and thus lack access to fresh drinking water

Accepted Answer

A)  osmoregulate without using a transport epithelium for this purpose.
B)  drink sea water and secrete excess ions through their kidneys only.
C)  drink sea water and secrete excess ions mainly through their nasal salt glands.
D)  have plasma that is isoosmotic to ocean water.
E)  obtain water by eating only osmoregulating prey.

Question 8

Osmoregulatory adjustment via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system can be triggered by

Accepted Answer

A)  sleeping for one hour.
B)  severe sweating on a hot day.
C)  eating a bag of potato chips.
D)  eating a pizza with olives and pepperoni.
E)  drinking several glasses of water.

Question 9

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
After a long week, you join a few friends at a local pub to enjoy a meal and have a few beers. After a few hours and several beers, you find yourself to be quite thirsty.
-You feel thirsty because

Accepted Answer

A)  you ate very salty pub food.
B)  you abstained from alcohol and drank water.
C)  you drank a few beers.
D)  you ate salty pub food and drank a few beers.
E)  you drank water and ate salty pub food.

Question 10

The osmoregulatory/excretory system of a freshwater flatworm is based on the operation of

Accepted Answer

A)  protonephridia.
B)  metanephridia.
C)  Malpighian tubules.
D)  nephrons.
E)  ananephredia.

Question 11

Compared to the sea water around them, most marine invertebrates are

Accepted Answer

A)  hyperosmotic.
B)  hypoosmotic.
C)  isoosmotic.
D)  hyperosmotic and isoosmotic.
E)  hypoosmotic and isoosmotic.

Question 12

Which nitrogenous waste requires hardly any water for its excretion?

Accepted Answer

A)  amino acids
B)  urea
C)  uric acid
D)  ammonia
E)  nitrogen gas

Question 13

Unlike most bony fishes, sharks maintain body fluids that are isoosmotic to sea water, so they are considered by many to be osmoconformers. Nonetheless, these sharks osmoregulate at least partially by

Accepted Answer

A)  using their gills and kidneys to rid themselves of sea salts.
B)  monitoring dehydration at the cellular level with special gated aquaporins.
C)  tolerating high urea concentrations that balance internal salt concentrations to seawater osmolarity.
D)  synthesizing trimethylamine oxide, a chemical that binds and precipitates salts inside cells.
E)  possessing a special adaptation that allows their cells to operate at an extraordinarily high salt concentration.

Question 14

It is wise to drink 2 glasses of water for every 1 alcoholic beverage consumed. This is because

Accepted Answer

A)  alcohol can increase the release of aldosterone.
B)  alcohol can disrupt the release of ADH.
C)  alcohol increases the release of ADH.
D)  alcohol disrupts the function of the thalamus.
E)  alcohol disrupts the function of RAAS.

Question 15

After drinking alcoholic beverages, increased urine excretion is the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  increased aldosterone production.
B)  increased blood pressure.
C)  inhibited secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) .
D)  increased reabsorption of water in the proximal tubule.
E)  the osmoregulator cells of the brain increasing their activity.

Question 16

Which of the following pairs of organisms excrete nitrogenous wastes in the form of uric acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  mice and birds
B)  insects and birds
C)  lions and horses
D)  humans and frogs
E)  fish and turtles

Question 17

Use the following information to answer the next few questions.
While spelunking, you have discovered a new species deep inside the cave. This animal does not have easy access to water. It has a dense coat of fur, a four-chambered heart, and a closed circulatory system.
-You expect the animal's urine to be

Accepted Answer

A)  isoosmotic to body fluids.
B)  hypoosmotic to body fluids.
C)  hypotonic to body fluids.
D)  hyperosmotic to body fluids.
E)  isotonic to body fluids.

Question 18

African lungfish, which are often found in small stagnant pools of fresh water, produce urea as a nitrogenous waste. What is the advantage of this adaptation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Urea takes less energy to synthesize than ammonia.
B)  Small stagnant pools do not provide enough water to dilute the toxic ammonia.
C)  The highly toxic urea makes the pool uninhabitable to potential competitors.
D)  Urea forms an insoluble precipitate.
E)  Urea makes lungfish tissue hypoosmotic to the pool.

Question 19

The nitrogenous waste that requires the most energy to produce is

Accepted Answer

A)  ammonia.
B)  ammonium.
C)  urea.
D)  uric acid.

Exam 44: Osmoregulation and Excretion

The osmoregulatory/excretory system of a freshwater flatworm is based on the operation of

Correct Answer
verified

If the concentration of glucose in the blood flowing through the kidneys is within normal range, which of the following statements is correct?

Correct Answer
verified

Organisms categorized as osmoconformers are most likely

Correct Answer
verified

Ammonia

Correct Answer
verified

Compared to the sea water around them, most marine invertebrates are

Correct Answer
verified

The advantage of excreting nitrogenous wastes as urea rather than as ammonia is that

Correct Answer
verified

African lungfish, which are often found in small stagnant pools of fresh water, produce urea as a nitrogenous waste. What is the advantage of this adaptation?

Correct Answer
verified

The nitrogenous waste that requires the most energy to produce is

Correct Answer
verified

Birds that live in marine environments and thus lack access to fresh drinking water

Correct Answer
verified

Which of the following pairs of organisms excrete nitrogenous wastes in the form of uric acid?

Correct Answer
verified

After drinking alcoholic beverages, increased urine excretion is the result of

Correct Answer
verified

Unlike most bony fishes, sharks maintain body fluids that are isoosmotic to sea water, so they are considered by many to be osmoconformers. Nonetheless, these sharks osmoregulate at least partially by

Correct Answer
verified

Trauma to the human kidney could result in a urinary filtrate containing an abnormally high level of

Correct Answer
verified

Many marine and freshwater bony fish achieve osmoregulation via

Correct Answer
verified

Which nitrogenous waste requires hardly any water for its excretion?

Correct Answer
verified

Use the following information to answer the next few questions. After a long week, you join a few friends at a local pub to enjoy a meal and have a few beers. After a few hours and several beers, you find yourself to be quite thirsty. -You feel thirsty because

Correct Answer
verified

It is wise to drink 2 glasses of water for every 1 alcoholic beverage consumed. This is because

Correct Answer
verified

Osmoregulatory adjustment via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system can be triggered by

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 44: Osmoregulation and Excretion

The osmoregulatory/excretory system of a freshwater flatworm is based on the operation of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If the concentration of glucose in the blood flowing through the kidneys is within normal range, which of the following statements is correct?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Organisms categorized as osmoconformers are most likely

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ammonia

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Compared to the sea water around them, most marine invertebrates are

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The advantage of excreting nitrogenous wastes as urea rather than as ammonia is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

African lungfish, which are often found in small stagnant pools of fresh water, produce urea as a nitrogenous waste. What is the advantage of this adaptation?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The nitrogenous waste that requires the most energy to produce is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Birds that live in marine environments and thus lack access to fresh drinking water

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following pairs of organisms excrete nitrogenous wastes in the form of uric acid?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

After drinking alcoholic beverages, increased urine excretion is the result of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Unlike most bony fishes, sharks maintain body fluids that are isoosmotic to sea water, so they are considered by many to be osmoconformers. Nonetheless, these sharks osmoregulate at least partially by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Trauma to the human kidney could result in a urinary filtrate containing an abnormally high level of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Many marine and freshwater bony fish achieve osmoregulation via

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which nitrogenous waste requires hardly any water for its excretion?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Use the following information to answer the next few questions. After a long week, you join a few friends at a local pub to enjoy a meal and have a few beers. After a few hours and several beers, you find yourself to be quite thirsty. -You feel thirsty because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It is wise to drink 2 glasses of water for every 1 alcoholic beverage consumed. This is because

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Osmoregulatory adjustment via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system can be triggered by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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