Question 1

Experimentation is an approach to research best suited for exploration.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The statement,'there are no simple formulas for designing an experimental or quasi­experimental study' suggests:

Accepted Answer

A)   that there is an infinite variety of ways to design a study
B)   that there is a finite variety of ways to design a study
C)   that the one constant is the use of randomization in experiments
D)   experiments and quasi-experiments should be used only as a last resort

Question 3

Social science researchers use a control group that hasn't received the experimental stimulus in order to do what?

Accepted Answer

A)   to measure the effect of the independent variable upon the control group
B)   as another measure of the effect the independent variable has upon the dependent variable in the experimental group
C)   as another measure of the effect the independent variable has upon the dependent variable in the control group
D)   to measure the effect of the dependent variable upon the independent variable in the control group

Question 4

In Martin Gill's research on the effectiveness of CCTV projects in the UK,which of the following techniques did he use?

Accepted Answer

A)   the research measured fear of crime by citizens before and after the cameras went up
B)   the research measured police data before the cameras went up
C)   comparison was made only in the area where cameras were in use
D)   measured if the offenders changed the type of crimes they were committing

Question 5

When neither the subjects nor the researcher can identify which group is the control group and which is the experimental group the design is said to be:

Accepted Answer

A)   cross-sectional
B)   double-blind
C)   a blind experiment
D)   of no value

Question 6

If randomization is not possible,what should the researcher do?

Accepted Answer

A)   pre and posttest
B)   use the classical design
C)   consider using a quasi-experimental design
D)   randomization is always possible

Question 7

All but which of the following are examples of double-blind studies?

Accepted Answer

A)   medical experiments where a new drug is tested and one group gets the new drug and the other gets a placebo and the researcher does not know who got which drug
B)   domestic violence studies where intervention is designed to reduce repeat offenses by focusing upon victim strategies when the victim does not know whether they are in the control or experimental group
C)   any study where the researchers and the subjects do not know whether they are in the experimental or control groups
D)   any study where the researchers know who is in the experimental and control groups but promise not to tell the subjects

Question 8

Which of the following is not an accurate example of threats to internal validity of experiments?

Accepted Answer

A)   subjects dropping out of an experiment is a form of mortality
B)   creaming is a form of selection bias
C)   control group members work harder as a form of compensatory rivalry
D)   ability to measure subjects consistently over time

Question 9

A(n)_____________ experiment guards against experimenters' tendency to prejudge results by eliminating the possibility of either the researcher or the subjects knowing which group is the control and which group is the experimental.

Accepted Answer

The answer of A(n)_____________ experiment guards against experimenters' tendency to...

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   non-equivalent-groups and time-series designs are two general types of quasi-experiments
B)   experiments and time-series designs are two general types of quasi-experiments
C)   all research purposes are amenable to the use of experimental designs
D)   all of the above are true

Question 11

How can a researcher be sure that threats to internal validity are being ruled out in the design?

Accepted Answer

A)   sorting out what threats are applicable in which settings
B)   comparing the results of several post-tests
C)   random selection will rule out, or greatly reduce the chances for statistical regression
D)   all the above

Question 12

To assess the impact of child abuse upon later criminality,Dr.Rose chose to select some adults whose names appeared as child abuse victims in local police records and another group of adults who were not victims of abuse.What technique is being employed?

Accepted Answer

A)   cohort design
B)   classical experiment
C)   double-blind experiment
D)   nonequivalent-group design

Question 13

What type of design is illustrated in the following diagram? Experimental Group 0 X 0 Control Group 0 0 Measurement time1 time2 time3

Accepted Answer

A)   time-series design
B)   classical experiment
C)   cohort design
D)   nonequivalent-groups design

Question 14

An interrupted time-series design can be very useful in what type of research?

Accepted Answer

A)   applied research
B)   exploratory research
C)   descriptive research
D)   double-blind research

Question 15

There may be legal reasons why randomization cannot be used in criminal justice research to assign subjects to either a control group or an experimental group.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Maturation as a threat to internal validity in experiments refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)   some subjects are older than others
B)   as people grow and change, results can be impacted
C)   only subjects over the age of 21 are mature enough to be part of an experiment
D)   none of the above

Question 17

In criminal justice experiments,what serves as a guard against the effects of the experiments themselves as well as events that may occur outside the laboratory during the course of experiments?

Accepted Answer

A)   variable groups
B)   control groups
C)   administrative groups
D)   posttest groups

Question 18

When random assignment to experimental and control groups is not possible the researcher may be forced to use a(n) ____________________ design.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When random assignment to experimental and control...

Question 19

In a classical experiment the researcher uses a _________to offset the effects of the experiment itself.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a classical experiment the researcher uses...

Question 20

Researchers conduct experiments copiously in an attempt to develop a more generalized understanding about:

Accepted Answer

A)   criminal behavior
B)   the sciences
C)   the world we live in
D)   human behavior

Exam 7: Experimental and Quasi Experimental Designs

Experimentation is an approach to research best suited for exploration.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Maturation as a threat to internal validity in experiments refers to:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Social science researchers use a control group that hasn't received the experimental stimulus in order to do what?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When random assignment to experimental and control groups is not possible the researcher may be forced to use a(n) ____________________ design.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In criminal justice experiments,what serves as a guard against the effects of the experiments themselves as well as events that may occur outside the laboratory during the course of experiments?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Researchers conduct experiments copiously in an attempt to develop a more generalized understanding about:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A(n)_____________ experiment guards against experimenters' tendency to prejudge results by eliminating the possibility of either the researcher or the subjects knowing which group is the control and which group is the experimental.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

How can a researcher be sure that threats to internal validity are being ruled out in the design?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

To assess the impact of child abuse upon later criminality,Dr.Rose chose to select some adults whose names appeared as child abuse victims in local police records and another group of adults who were not victims of abuse.What technique is being employed?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All but which of the following are examples of double-blind studies?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When neither the subjects nor the researcher can identify which group is the control group and which is the experimental group the design is said to be:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is not an accurate example of threats to internal validity of experiments?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

There may be legal reasons why randomization cannot be used in criminal justice research to assign subjects to either a control group or an experimental group.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a classical experiment the researcher uses a _________to offset the effects of the experiment itself.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An interrupted time-series design can be very useful in what type of research?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If randomization is not possible,what should the researcher do?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The statement,'there are no simple formulas for designing an experimental or quasi­experimental study' suggests:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In Martin Gill's research on the effectiveness of CCTV projects in the UK,which of the following techniques did he use?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What type of design is illustrated in the following diagram? Experimental Group 0 X 0 Control Group 0 0 Measurement time1 time2 time3

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The statement,'there are no simple formulas for designing an experimental or quasiexperimental study' suggests:

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