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A group of researchers wanted to determine whether people would help someone in distress more quickly if they were alone.Half the participants were waiting alone in a room when they heard a cry for help, and half the participants were waiting with four other people when they heard a cry for help.The researchers then measured how long it took for help to be offered.In this study, the dependent variable is:


A) the number of other people in the room (0 or 4)
B) how long it takes for help to be offered
C) how loud the cry for help is
D) the age of the participants in the study

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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Researchers studying human memory presented people with two lists of words.One list included the names of objects; the other list contained abstract nouns.The researchers found that people could remember more words from the list with object names.In this study, the number of words recalled by each participant would be:


A) a placebo
B) the dependent variable
C) a confounding variable
D) the independent variable

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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In an experiment, the researcher:


A) changes some aspect of the environment and observes the effect of that change
B) makes observations of naturally occurring behavior and does not interfere in any way
C) takes measurements of two variables for every person in the group being observed
D) examines one person in great detail

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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In order to better understand the links between brain function and behavior, Dr.Vannoni carefully observed and extensively questioned two stroke victims.Based on this information, it is most likely that Dr.Vannoni was conducting:


A) correlational research
B) survey research
C) case study research
D) experimental research

E) B) and C)
F) None of the above

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As Behavior X decreases, Behavior Y is expected to decrease.The correlation between the X and Y is positive.

A) True
B) False

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Explain the concept of internal validity.What is the relationship of internal validity to confounding variables?

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In an experiment designed to investigate memory processes, one group of participants was given special instructions and asked to create mental pictures of each item on a list of items to be remembered.Another group of participants was given the same list but received no special instructions about how to remember the items.In this study, the experimental group is:


A) the participants who received the special instructions
B) the participants who received no special instructions
C) the participants who remembered the fewest items
D) all the participants in the study

E) All of the above
F) None of the above

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A hypothesis:


A) is a conclusion based on the results of a research study
B) is not necessary if the scientific method is being used
C) normally wouldn't be generated until a study has been completed
D) is a prediction about the characteristics of a behavior under investigation

E) All of the above
F) A) and B)

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Researchers found a moderate correlation between the length of a customer's driveway and size of the tips the customer gave pizza delivery people.The longer the driveway, the smaller the tip the delivery person received.The correlation coefficient that most likely represents this relationship would be:


A) +.90
B) -.45
C) +.45
D) -.90

E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

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To accurately conclude that changes in the dependent variable are caused by variations in the independent variable, researchers need to ensure that the independent variable is the only thing that changes systematically in an experiment.

A) True
B) False

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While Dr.Bartlett effectively controlled for confounding variables in his experiment, the results do not generalize to the real-world.This means Dr.Bartlett's research has:


A) neither internal validity nor external validity
B) low internal validity, but high external validity
C) high internal validity, but lacks external validity
D) high internal validity and high external validity

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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The technique that ensures each participant has an equal chance of being assigned to any of the conditions in the experiment is:


A) random assignment
B) correlational assignment
C) controlled assignment
D) reactive assignment

E) B) and D)
F) None of the above

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Describe absolute grading and relative grading, and the problems associated with each.

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Survey results will be more likely to accurately represent the opinions of the entire population if:


A) random sampling is used
B) a control group is used
C) a double-blind design is used
D) a single-blind design is used

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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What is random sampling? How does random sampling affect the composition of a sample that is obtained in a research study?

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Paul summarized the final scores of his baseball team's games for the season, but the results were affected by a few extreme scores.This was because he used the:


A) mode
B) median
C) mean
D) standard deviation

E) A) and B)
F) C) and D)

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Experimenter expectancy effects occur when the researcher:


A) knows the experimental hypothesis that is being tested
B) uses a double-blind experimental design
C) fails to use random assignment in an experiment
D) unknowingly influences the results of a study in subtle ways

E) B) and D)
F) All of the above

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Informed consent involves:


A) explaining any significant factors that might influence a participant's willingness to participate in a study
B) fully disclosing and explaining all aspects of a study, once the study is over
C) protecting the right to privacy of all the participants in a research study
D) asking participants to sign a waiver form at the beginning of a study

E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

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Dr.Pharis was studying memory in young children.Five children were asked to remember a list of words.Brad and Beverly each remembered 7 words.Sam remembered 6 words, Sally remembered 5 words, and Chad remembered 4 words.For these five children, the mode for the number of words that were recalled was:


A) 6.0 words
B) 6.5 words
C) 7.0 words
D) 5.8 words

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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A group of researchers wanted to investigate allegations of sexual harassment on a company's assembly line.They wanted their observations to be unobtrusive, so they took jobs working on the assembly line and told their fellow employees they were "new hires." In this case the researchers were using:


A) the case study method of research
B) survey research
C) correlational research
D) participant observation as a method of research

E) A) and D)
F) B) and D)

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Showing 301 - 320 of 328

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