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ABC Insurance retains the first $1 million of each property damage loss and purchases reinsurance for that part of any property loss that exceeds $1 million. The insurance for property losses above $1 million is called


A) excess insurance.
B) liability insurance.
C) coinsurance.
D) primary insurance.

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Mark owns a 2006 sedan. The last time Mark renewed his auto insurance, he decided to drop the physical damage insurance on this vehicle. How is Mark dealing with the auto physical damage exposure in his personal risk management program?


A) risk transfer
B) passive retention
C) avoidance
D) active retention

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Which of the following statements about an excess insurance plan is true?


A) The insurer does not participate in a loss until the loss exceeds the amount the firm has decided to retain.
B) The insurer pays first up to some specified level; the insured then pays all losses exceeding the insurer's retention level.
C) Losses in excess of a specified amount are not covered.
D) The insured and insurer share equally in any loss that occurs.

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Loss severity is defined as the


A) probable size of the losses which may occur during some period.
B) probable number of losses which may occur during some period.
C) probability that any particular piece of property may be totally destroyed.
D) probability that a liability judgment may exceed a firm's net worth.

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Brenda identified all of the pure loss exposures her family faces. Then she analyzed these loss exposures, developed a plan to treat these risks, and implemented the plan. The process Brenda conducted is called


A) personal insurance programming.
B) personal estate planning.
C) personal financial planning.
D) personal risk management.

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An insurance policy specifically written and designed to meet the needs of an insurance purchaser is called a(n)


A) manuscript policy.
B) bureau policy.
C) standard policy.
D) excess policy.

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Which of the following is least likely to occur during a "hard" insurance market period?


A) difficulty in obtaining insurance
B) tightening underwriting standards
C) higher insurer profits
D) increasing premiums

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Which of the following is a source of information a risk manager could use to help identify pure loss exposures?


A) commodity prices
B) physical inspections
C) currency exchange rates
D) interest rate movements

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The worst loss that could ever happen to a firm is referred to as the


A) maximum possible loss.
B) probable maximum loss.
C) frequency of loss.
D) severity of loss.

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Which of the following statements regarding the use of retention is (are) true? I.Retention is best used for loss exposures that have a low frequency and a high severity. II.A financially strong firm can have a higher retention level than a firm whose financial position is weak.


A) I only
B) II only
C) both I and II
D) neither I nor II

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All of the following are disadvantages of using insurance in a commercial risk management program EXCEPT


A) There is an opportunity cost because premiums must be paid in advance.
B) Considerable time and effort must be spent selecting and negotiating coverages.
C) It results in considerable fluctuations in earnings after losses occur.
D) Attitudes toward loss control may become lax when losses are insured.

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Loss frequency is defined as the


A) probable size of the losses that may occur during some period.
B) probable number of losses that may occur during some period.
C) probability that any particular piece of property may be totally destroyed.
D) probability that a liability judgment may exceed a firm's net worth.

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Discount Department Stores is a national retail chain. The company had one large, central warehouse. At the suggestion of the risk manager, the company decided to build four smaller regional warehouses so that a loss at the central warehouse would not be a catastrophic blow to the company's distribution system. Splitting the inventory between four regional warehouses illustrates which risk management technique?


A) duplication
B) risk transfer
C) separation
D) risk avoidance

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Melanie was just hired as the risk manager of JKL Company. The company president asked her to make a thorough review of all of the company's loss exposures. Melanie noted that many employees were too heavily invested in stock issued by the company in their 401-k plan. Melanie suggested that the employees change some of their investment holdings to mutual funds that invest in stock issued by different companies. The risk control method that Melanie suggested is


A) risk avoidance.
B) duplication.
C) diversification.
D) separation.

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Risk management is concerned with


A) the identification and treatment of loss exposures.
B) the management of speculative risks only.
C) the management of pure risks that are uninsurable.
D) the purchase of insurance only.

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The worst loss that is likely to happen is referred to as the


A) maximum possible loss.
B) probable maximum loss.
C) frequency of loss.
D) severity of loss.

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Acme Company has three identical manufacturing plants, one on the Texas Gulf Coast, one in southern Alabama, and one in Florida. Each plant is valued at $200 million. Acme's risk manager is concerned about the damage which could be caused by a single hurricane. The risk manager believes there is an extremely low probability that a single hurricane could destroy two or all three plants because they are located so far apart. What is the maximum possible loss associated with a single hurricane?


A) $0 million
B) $200 million
C) $400 million
D) $600 million

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David never stopped to consider the possible consequences of a long-term, permanent, disability. So David did not include disability income insurance in his personal risk management program. David is dealing with the risk of disability through


A) passive retention.
B) active retention.
C) risk control.
D) risk avoidance.

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In reviewing his company's operations, a risk manager noticed that all of the company's finished goods were stored in a single warehouse. The risk manager recommended that the finished goods be divided among three warehouses to prevent all of the finished goods from being destroyed by the same peril. Dividing the finished goods among three warehouses illustrates


A) duplication.
B) separation.
C) insurance.
D) noninsurance transfer.

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A college professor stores class grading records on a spreadsheet on her office computer. Each time she updates a grading file she makes a printout and a backup copy of the grading file. The professor is using which risk management method to address the risk of losing her class grading records?


A) risk avoidance
B) duplication
C) separation
D) noninsurance transfer

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