Exam 16: Emotional and Social Development in Middle Adulthood

A) Middle-aged adults seem to have a much harder time adjusting to divorce than younger people.
B) Middle-aged adults who divorce report gains in happiness-an outcome stronger among men than women.
C) In the United States, the divorce rate among adults age 50 and over has doubled in the past two decades.
D) Divorcing women frequently mention that their emotional inattentiveness played a role in the marital failure.

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A) role confusion
B) selflessness
C) self-indulgence
D) guilt and shame

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Possible selves are future-oriented representations of what one hopes to become and what one is afraid of becoming.Possible selves are the temporal dimension of self-concept-what the individual is striving for and attempting to avoid.To lifespan researchers,these hopes and fears are just as vital in explaining behavior as people's views of their current characteristics.Indeed,possible selves may be an especially strong motivator of action in midlife,as adults attach increased meaning to time.As we age,we may rely less on social comparisons in judging our self-worth and more on temporal comparisons-how well we are doing in relation to what we had planned.Throughout adulthood,the personality traits people assign to their current selves show considerable stability.But reports of possible selves change greatly.Adults in their early twenties mention many possible selves,and their visions are lofty and idealistic.With age,possible selves become fewer in number,more modest and concrete,and less far-off in realization.Most middle-aged people no longer desire to be the best or the most successful in life.Instead,they are largely concerned with performance of roles and responsibilities already begun.Because the future no longer holds limitless opportunities,adults preserve mental health by adjusting their hopes and fears.To stay motivated,they must maintain a sense of unachieved possibility,yet they must still manage to feel good about themselves and their lives despite disappointments.

A) conscientiousness
B) extroversion
C) agreeableness
D) openness to experience

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A) Retirees' income typically drops by 50 percent.
B) Retirement is the most stress-free transition in the life cycle.
C) The government guarantees retirees an adequate standard of living.
D) Retirement is less challenging for people who strongly identify with their work role.

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A) Midlife crisis
B) Personal upheaval
C) Drastic life alteration
D) Life evaluation

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Although emotional engagement with work ...

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A) hardiness
B) greater life satisfaction
C) confidence, assertiveness, and autonomy
D) less favorable psychological well-being

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A) the steady increase in lifespan
B) the steady improvements in health care
C) government-sponsored retirement benefits
D) the negative impact of economic recessions

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A) the Peruzzis, who have a successful only child
B) the Fajardos, who have two children, one successful and one problematic
C) the Rashads, who have three children, one successful and two problematic
D) the Meyers, who have four children, three successful and one problematic

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A) Masculinity
B) Femininity
C) Separateness
D) Androgyny

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A) gang membership
B) focusing on career development
C) belonging to a religious community
D) moving away from extended family

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The term sandwich generation is widely u...

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A) are constantly responsive to others' feedback
B) do not permit affirmation of the self during life adversities
C) can be defined and redefined by the individual, as needed
D) may be the key to understanding the midlife crisis

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A) so many middle-aged adults in the United States are raising at least one grandchild
B) it implies a negative transition, especially for women who have stayed at home
C) the baby boomers are less financially secure and as a result often return home to "the nest"
D) the majority of middle-aged people in the United States live alone in an "empty nest"

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A) Lou is probably a better manager than Kindra.
B) Kindra is more likely than Lou to receive additional promotions.
C) Kindra probably has earned higher performance ratings than Lou.
D) Lou is more likely than Kindra to encounter a glass ceiling.

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A) focus on ways they have acted destructively
B) reduce their concern with achievement
C) give up certain youthful qualities
D) sustain a youthful subjective age

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A) "Drive carefully on the freeway."
B) "Let us know if we can help."
C) "Be sure to wear your sweater-it is cold out there."
D) "Be sure to drink plenty of water."

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