Question 1

__________is the quality of language in which words are used as symbols for objects, events, or ideas.

Accepted Answer

A)  Divergence  
B)  Convergence  
C)  Semanticity  
D)  Regularity

Question 2

Which of the following is a reason for overconfidence?

Accepted Answer

A)  We tend to be aware of how flimsy our assumptions may be. 
B)  We tend to focus on examples that do not confirm our judgments. 
C)  We remember information that runs counter to our judgments. 
D)  We work to bring about the events we believe in.

Question 3

The__________is a decision-making heuristic in which people make judgments about samples according to the populations they appear to depict.

Accepted Answer

A)  anchoring heuristic  
B)  availability heuristic  
C)  representativeness heuristic  
D)  adjustment heuristic

Question 4

Identify a true statement about prelinguistic vocalizations.

Accepted Answer

A)  Babbling is not inborn. 
B)  Deaf children cannot babble. 
C)  During the second month, babies begin babbling. 
D)  Babbling is prelinguistic.

Question 5

__________are mental categories used to group together objects, relations, events, abstractions, or qualities that have common properties.

Accepted Answer

A)  Concepts  
B)  Anagrams  
C)  Algorithms  
D)  Heuristics

Question 6

A criticism of the linguistic-relativity hypothesis is that a language's vocabulary suggests the cognitive limits of the speakers of the language.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

In the context of the nativist approach to language development, the _____ prepares the nervous system to learn grammar.

Accepted Answer

A)  representativeness heuristic  
B)  language lexicon  
C)  availability heuristic  
D)  language acquisition device

Question 8

Which of the following statements is true of prelinguistic vocalizations?

Accepted Answer

A)  Babies' babbling frequently combines consonants and vowels. 
B)  During the second month, babies begin babbling. 
C)  Crying is a representation of language. 
D)  Unlike crying, babbling and cooing are prelinguistic.

Question 9

In__________, the problem solver associates freely to the elements of the problem, allowing "leads" to run a nearly limitless course.

Accepted Answer

A)  triangulation  
B)  convergent thinking  
C)  centration  
D)  divergent thinking

Question 10

Which of the following statements is true of the nativist theory of language development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Language acquisition is based solely on environmental influences. 
B)  Vocabulary development is independent of intelligence. 
C)  Children bring neurological prewiring to language learning. 
D)  Numerous researchers suggest that language learning begins at 36 months.

Question 11

Barbara wanted to know whether Americans bought more American-made cars or more foreign-made cars. She arrived at a conclusion based on the cars her American friends drove. In this scenario, Barbara used _____ to come to a conclusion.

Accepted Answer

A)  the anchoring heuristic  
B)  cognitive dissonance  
C)  the availability heuristic  
D)  functional fixedness

Question 12

A(n) __________is the tendency to respond to a new problem with the same approach that helped solve similar problems.

Accepted Answer

A)  anagram  
B)  mental set  
C)  cognitive map  
D)  hypothesis

Question 13

In__________, thought is limited to present facts and the problem solver narrows his or her thinking to find the best solution.

Accepted Answer

A)  spatial intelligence  
B)  divergent thinking  
C)  convergent thinking  
D)  creative intelligence

Question 14

__________enables people to deal with other people, including difficult people, and to meet the demands of their environment.

Accepted Answer

A)  Practical intelligence  
B)  Spatial intelligence  
C)  Emotional intelligence  
D)  Analytical intelligence

Question 15

Identify a true statement about the heritability of intelligence.

Accepted Answer

A)  Studies generally suggest that the heritability of intelligence is less than 20%. 
B)  The intelligence quotient scores of dizygotic twins are more alike than scores for any other pairs. 
C)  Being reared together is related with similarities in intelligence quotient. 
D)  The correlations in intelligence between dizygotic twin pairs are lower than those between other siblings.

Question 16

Which of the following statements is true of telegraphic speech?

Accepted Answer

A)  It involves the utterance of four- and five-word sentences. 
B)  It occurs when a child is between two and four months old. 
C)  It is a form of prelinguistic vocalization. 
D)  It is brief but grammatically correct.

Question 17

The influence of wording, or the context in which information is presented, on decision making is known as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  overregularization  
B)  the framing effect  
C)  overextension  
D)  the Flynn effect

Question 18

In the context of creativity and intelligence, _____ helps generate many possible solutions to problems.

Accepted Answer

A)  triangulation  
B)  centration  
C)  convergent thinking  
D)  divergent thinking

Question 19

Tiffany asks her son to reorganize groups of letters such as "skosc," "odg," "imal," and "orod" into words. In this scenario, Tiffany is using _____ of the words socks, dog, mail, and door.

Accepted Answer

A)  algorithms  
B)  anagrams  
C)  overextensions  
D)  prototypes

Question 20

Overregularization reflects faulty language development.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 7: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

Which of the following statements is true of the nativist theory of language development?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true of prelinguistic vocalizations?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A criticism of the linguistic-relativity hypothesis is that a language's vocabulary suggests the cognitive limits of the speakers of the language.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

__________enables people to deal with other people, including difficult people, and to meet the demands of their environment.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the context of creativity and intelligence, _____ helps generate many possible solutions to problems.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The__________is a decision-making heuristic in which people make judgments about samples according to the populations they appear to depict.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In__________, thought is limited to present facts and the problem solver narrows his or her thinking to find the best solution.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

__________is the quality of language in which words are used as symbols for objects, events, or ideas.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In the context of the nativist approach to language development, the _____ prepares the nervous system to learn grammar.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Overregularization reflects faulty language development.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify a true statement about the heritability of intelligence.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A(n) __________is the tendency to respond to a new problem with the same approach that helped solve similar problems.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

__________are mental categories used to group together objects, relations, events, abstractions, or qualities that have common properties.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The influence of wording, or the context in which information is presented, on decision making is known as _____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Barbara wanted to know whether Americans bought more American-made cars or more foreign-made cars. She arrived at a conclusion based on the cars her American friends drove. In this scenario, Barbara used _____ to come to a conclusion.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Identify a true statement about prelinguistic vocalizations.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Tiffany asks her son to reorganize groups of letters such as "skosc," "odg," "imal," and "orod" into words. In this scenario, Tiffany is using _____ of the words socks, dog, mail, and door.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is a reason for overconfidence?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In__________, the problem solver associates freely to the elements of the problem, allowing "leads" to run a nearly limitless course.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements is true of telegraphic speech?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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