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Dr.Gore is conducting a survey examining people's opinions toward funding for collegiate athletics on his campus.He notices that several participants agree with all 12 questions.This is an example of which of the following?


A) A response set
B) Acquiescence
C) Yea-saying
D) Both b and c
E) All of the above

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Explain why bigger samples are not always better samples.

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Students should state that bigger sample...

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Forced-choice question formats are especially good at dealing with which of the following issues?


A) Fence sitting
B) Faking good
C) Faking bad
D) People self-reporting more than they can know
E) All of the above

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Dr.Jackson is a personality psychologist who is interested in studying the characteristics of people who report being abducted by UFOs.She finds several people in a support group to research and asks them if they can provide the names and contact information of other people who have also been abducted.Upon contacting these new participants,she asks them to refer her to even more people they may know who have been abducted.This is an example of what kind of sampling?


A) Purposive sampling
B) Snowball sampling
C) Random sampling
D) Convenience sampling
E) Self-selection sampling

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A sample is always _________ a population.


A) More expensive to measure than
B) Smaller than
C) More interesting than
D) More scientific than
E) The same as

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If researchers measure every member of a population,they have:


A) Conducted a census
B) Collected a sample
C) Decreased external validity
D) Increased internal validity
E) Biased the study

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What is an advantage of open-ended questions? What is a disadvantage?

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Students should state that an advantage ...

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-Refer to Research Study 6.4 above to answer the following question. What is the population of interest in Dr.Parrett's study? Will he be collecting a sample or conducting a census? Why does he need to be concerned with external validity/representativeness? -Refer to Research Study 6.4 above to answer the following question. What is the population of interest in Dr.Parrett's study? Will he be collecting a sample or conducting a census? Why does he need to be concerned with external validity/representativeness?

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Students should state that Dr.Parrett's population is all athletes at his university.Given that he cannot study the entire population,he will be collecting a sample (not a census).Students should also state that because he is relying on a sample,he needs to make sure that his sample looks like or is similar to the population,such that whatever he says about his sample can generalize to his population.

Explain why each of the following poses problems to a measure's validity: response sets (acquiescence,nay-saying,and fence sitting),socially desirable responding (faking good or faking bad),and inability to report.

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Students should state that the response sets pose a problem for validity because it is unclear whether the reader really does agree (or disagrees or has no opinion)with each question/statement,meaning that we are unsure whether the data really does represent what they think (we just do not know).Socially desirable responding is a problem because we cannot tell whether a participant is simply trying to look good/bad and being dishonest or if they really do have those opinions/engage in those behaviors.Inability to report is a problem because participants may not realize that they do not know the exact answer (Why did I buy my new car? How many times did I eat lunch last month?)but may respond as if they do know.Instead of providing no data,they provide some data,but we are unsure of the data's accuracy.

Which of the following is true of probability sampling?


A) It is the best way to obtain a representative sample.
B) It is the same as random assignment.
C) It results in larger samples than nonprobability sampling.
D) It should be used when external validity is not the goal of the study.
E) None of the above are true.

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In his measure of need for cognition,Dr.Jonason asks his participants to rate their agreement with the following statement: "I have never not enjoyed thinking." What is the problem with this question?


A) It is a forced-choice question.
B) It is a double-barreled question.
C) It has a double negative.
D) It is a leading question.
E) None of the above are problems with this question.

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Dr.Smith is interested in measuring how adults view sexual behavior in teenagers.She asks the following two questions.Explain why Dr.Smith should be worried and how she can correct the problem. i.Is it okay for boys under the age of 18 to be sexually active? ii.Is it okay for girls under the age of 18 to be sexually active?

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Students should state that Dr.Smith is l...

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All of the following can decrease accurate responses EXCEPT:


A) Nay-saying response sets
B) Fence-sitting
C) Reverse-worded questions
D) Socially desirable responding
E) Acquiescence

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In developing a measure of need for cognition (a trait that describes the degree to which people like thinking and problem-solving) ,Dr.Jonason asks his participants to rate their agreement with the following statement: "I frequently solve and enjoy solving crossword puzzles and Sudoku puzzles." What is the problem with this question?


A) It is a forced-choice question.
B) It is a double-barreled question.
C) It has a double negative.
D) It is a leading question.
E) None of the above are problems with this question.

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B

RESEARCH STUDY 6.2 Dr. Ewell, a developmental psychologist, is planning on conducting a study that involves watching children play together to determine how sharing behavior occurs in same-sex friend pairs compared with opposite-sex friend pairs. -Refer to Research Study 6.2 above to answer the following question. Given the scenario above,Dr.Ewell decides to collect his data at a neighborhood park.He has his two research assistants pose as a married couple having a picnic.While having their picnic,they take detailed records of the sharing behavior of the children and note whether the pairs are same sex or opposite sex.This technique is known as:


A) A blind study design
B) Unobtrusive observation
C) Interrater reliability
D) Delayed observation
E) A double blind study design

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RESEARCH STUDY 6.1 Professor Kramer has decided to measure how happy his students are with his teaching this semester. He is teaching two classes this semester-Psychology and Law class and Introduction to Neuroscience class. His survey has the following questions. RESEARCH STUDY 6.1 Professor Kramer has decided to measure how happy his students are with his teaching this semester. He is teaching two classes this semester-Psychology and Law class and Introduction to Neuroscience class. His survey has the following questions. -Refer to Research Study 6.1 above to answer the following question. Which of the questions above is an example of a question that uses a semantic differential scale? A) Question A B) Question B C) Question C D) Question D E) Both b and d -Refer to Research Study 6.1 above to answer the following question. Which of the questions above is an example of a question that uses a semantic differential scale?


A) Question A
B) Question B
C) Question C
D) Question D
E) Both b and d

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Write three questions designed to measure liking for peanut butter and jelly sandwiches-one forced-choice,one open-ended,and one with a response scale (can be of any type).

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Students must create a question for each...

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RESEARCH STUDY 6.1 Professor Kramer has decided to measure how happy his students are with his teaching this semester. He is teaching two classes this semester-Psychology and Law class and Introduction to Neuroscience class. His survey has the following questions. RESEARCH STUDY 6.1 Professor Kramer has decided to measure how happy his students are with his teaching this semester. He is teaching two classes this semester-Psychology and Law class and Introduction to Neuroscience class. His survey has the following questions. -Refer to Research Study 6.1 above to answer the following question. Which of the questions above is an example of a question that uses a Likert scale? A) Question A B) Question B C) Question C D) Question D E) Both b and d -Refer to Research Study 6.1 above to answer the following question. Which of the questions above is an example of a question that uses a Likert scale?


A) Question A
B) Question B
C) Question C
D) Question D
E) Both b and d

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What is the difference between random sampling and random assignment?

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Students should state that random sampli...

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Having a representative sample is most important in which of the following example claims?


A) "Fifty-nine percent of college athletes feel that playing professionally is an attainable goal."
B) "According to ApplianceCentral.com, 23% of people who bought Samsung brand refrigerators said they did not make a lot of noise."
C) "Expressing uncertainty about relationship commitment prior to marriage is associated with greater marital happiness."
D) "Having a boss compliment you at work causes you to work more efficiently."
E) "People who have religious experiences report feeling more comfortable with the idea of death."

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