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The term illness is used to refer to


A) the social experience of living with a disease.
B) the biological consequences of disease.
C) an objective measure of biological changes.
D) sociologists' ideas regarding epidemiology.
E) mental problems.

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If heroin users could obtain both the drug and needles legally,they would be less likely to


A) contract HIV.
B) overdose.
C) contract other illnesses carried by dirty needles.
D) commit crimes.
E) all of the above

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E

According to the Health Belief Model,which of the following are necessary before individuals will comply with medical advice?


A) They must believe they are susceptible to a particular health problem.
B) They must believe that compliance will significantly reduce their risk.
C) They must believe they may die if they do not comply.
D) all of the above
E) a and b only

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E

In a "risk society," individuals often find it difficult to get acknowledgement that they suffer from an illness because


A) the doctors they have access to work for the corporations that in some way caused the illness.
B) they are labeled as lazy rather than ill.
C) they are considered responsible for the risks they took.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

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Currently,the most common causes of death in the United States are


A) chronic diseases.
B) infectious diseases.
C) accidents and trauma.
D) infant and maternal mortality.
E) diseases of middle age.

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Globalization has helped spread illness by


A) eroding cultural traditions that previously had reduced sexual activity.
B) encouraging industries that push into forests and put humans in contact with diseases carried by animals.
C) increasing the number of people who travel from region to region.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above

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Social stress


A) can cause mental as well as physical illness.
B) is most common among busy middle-class people.
C) can cause illness, but does not affect the immune system.
D) improves the immune system.
E) improves one's life choices.

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Look at the last twelve issues of a magazine that regularly runs advertisements for either alcoholic beverages or cigarettes.What overt and covert messages do advertisements in these issues give regarding alcohol/tobacco,the use of these drugs,and the lives and characters of those who use these drugs? Quantify your findings as much as possible (e.g.,80 percent of advertisements suggest that using tobacco will improve your sex life).To do this,you will have to develop specific questions,such as "Does this advertisement suggest that using tobacco will improve your sex life?"

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The percentage of persons living in the United States who have epilepsy is best referred to as


A) the incidence of epilepsy.
B) the prevalence of epilepsy.
C) the rate of epilepsy.
D) the epidemiological transition.
E) the demographic transition.

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Evaluate the role that social conditions and status play in maintaining and restoring health,and compare that to the role played by medical treatments.

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Social conditions and status play a cruc...

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Which of the following would be most likely to reduce medical errors?


A) developing systems to identify ill-trained nurses
B) developing systems to identify drug-abusing doctors
C) increasing autopsy rates
D) making it easier for patients to sue incompetent doctors
E) holding more Medical Mortality Review conferences

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Morbidity refers to


A) deaths.
B) illness.
C) infections.
D) chronic fatigue syndrome.
E) macroeconomics.

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Which of the following is inherently the most dangerous to use?


A) heroin
B) cocaine
C) opium
D) caffeine
E) alcohol

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Which of the following statements is true?


A) Widespread use of antibiotics has led to an increase in infectious diseases.
B) As more people in poorer countries are moving to cities, infectious disease is increasing.
C) Globalization is helping to spread infectious disease.
D) all of the above
E) a and b only

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D

The study of the distribution of disease among a population is referred to as


A) sociology.
B) clinical sociology.
C) epidemiology.
D) geography.
E) enterology.

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How have social factors and conditions contributed to the spread of HIV?

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Social factors and conditions have signi...

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Toxic agents


A) are especially dangerous to children.
B) are contributing to climate change.
C) can be prevented by developing a "risk society."
D) all of the above
E) a and b only

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In general,rates better measure how common an illness is than do raw numbers because rates


A) allow us to reasonably compare populations of different sizes.
B) are more scientifically accurate.
C) are a more objective measure.
D) can be measured in a less biased fashion.
E) can be more accurately calculated.

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Social networks


A) can improve individuals' health.
B) can threaten individuals' health.
C) can lead to obesity.
D) all of the above
E) none of the above.

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According to McGinnis and Foege,the most common cause of premature deaths is


A) illegal drugs.
B) diet and exercise.
C) AIDS.
D) tobacco.
E) microbial agents.

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