Question 1

Danielle had a dream in which she was playing cards with an elephant. The next instant, the elephant had changed into one of her elementary school teachers. What do the sudden bizarre changes that took place in Danielle's dream represent, according to the activation synthesis model of dreaming?

Accepted Answer

A)  an attempt to work through problems she is currently experiencing in her life
B)  an interpretation of random neuron activity in lower brain centres
C)  the manifest content of the dream
D)  the latent content of the dream

Question 2

Which of the following is known about people who work on rotating shift schedules ("shift workers")  compared to people who work the same shift all the time?

Accepted Answer

A)  Shift workers have more accidents and are less productive.
B)  Shift workers are more likely to have accidents, but are more productive.
C)  Shift workers are more likely to have accidents, but are equally productive.
D)  Shift workers have fewer accidents, but are less productive.

Question 3

Which of the following are generally associated with non-REM sleep?

Accepted Answer

A)  nightmares
B)  rapid eye movements
C)  night terrors
D)  dreams

Question 4

It has been suggested by sleep theorists that one of the important functions of sleep is to facilitate memory consolidation. Which of the following appears to be correct regarding different stages of sleep, and consolidation of memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Slow-wave sleep does not appear to be involved in memory consolidation.
B)  Stage 2 sleep may be important for consolidation of procedural motor tasks.
C)  Stage 2 sleep may be important for consolidation of complex logic tasks.
D)  REM sleep may be important for consolidation of procedural motor tasks.

Question 5

Which stages of sleep appear to be important for consolidation of various types of memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  slow-wave and REM sleep
B)  stage 1 and slow-wave sleep
C)  stages 1 and 4 sleep
D)  stage 2 and REM sleep

Question 6

Duong decided that her dream of flying reflects her desire to escape from an unfulfilling marriage. What would a contemporary dream theorist say to Duong?

Accepted Answer

A)  Her interpretation may be accurate because she is the person best equipped to decipher her dream.
B)  Her interpretation is too superficial and does not get at the latent meaning of the dream.
C)  Duong needs an analyst to interpret her dream for her because the dream is a reflection of unconscious wishes.
D)  Before any credibility is given to her interpretation, she needs to have a series of similar dreams.

Question 7

Which hormone appears to play a key role in adjusting our biological clocks?

Accepted Answer

A)  serotonin
B)  melatonin
C)  phenylalanine
D)  cholecystokinin

Question 8

Dr. Bittner has developed a new drug that increases activity in the GABA system. What effects will this drug have?

Accepted Answer

A)  It will act as an effective painkiller.
B)  It will produce hallucinogenic effects.
C)  It will function as a sedative.
D)  It will have stimulant effects in the body.

Question 9

Given what you know about the effects of marijuana, both short term and long term, what is your position on the current debate in Canada regarding legalization of marijuana. Support your answer using at least three pieces of evidence.

Accepted Answer

A good answer will provide evidence cons...

Question 10

Mark is a middle-aged man who has recently begun to talk and flail about while he is sleeping, which is very aggravating to his wife. It seems as if he is acting out a dream. Which of the following sleep disorders is most similar to Mark's problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  REM sleep behaviour disorder
B)  pseudo-insomnia
C)  somnambulism
D)  night terrors

Question 11

Carlos is taking a prescription drug to reduce the anxiety he has been feeling since he lost his job. He finds that when he takes the drug he experiences some short-term lethargy and impaired coordination. What type of drug has Carlos's physician likely prescribed?

Accepted Answer

A)  narcotic
B)  stimulant
C)  hallucinogen
D)  sedative

Question 12

Madeline uses a nonprescription drug on a regular basis. Some of the short-term side effects she experiences are bloodshot eyes and poor short-term memory. What has Madeline been using?

Accepted Answer

A)  marijuana
B)  cocaine
C)  heroin
D)  LSD

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT associated with chronic, heavy use of MDMA (ecstasy) ?

Accepted Answer

A)  reduced fertility
B)  depression
C)  increased anxiety
D)  memory deficits

Question 14

What is hypnosis?

Accepted Answer

A)  a procedure for inducing a state of heightened suggestibility
B)  a state of altered consciousness that is similar to sedation or hallucination
C)  a form of meditation that leads to dream-like consciousness
D)  a form of self-delusion

Question 15

Which of the following statements regarding yawning is NOT accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Yawning is seen in all cultures.
B)  Yawning is seen in other mammals, as well as in birds, fish, and reptiles.
C)  Yawning is correlated with sleepiness and boredom.
D)  Yawning is a response to a buildup of carbon dioxide.

Question 16

Rachel has been using a nonprescription drug on a regular basis for several years. She has now developed liver disease and ulcers, and she has been in three car accidents. Which drug is Rachel most likely a chronic user of?

Accepted Answer

A)  marijuana
B)  alcohol
C)  LSD
D)  sedatives

Question 17

What are psychoactive drugs?

Accepted Answer

A)  drugs that act primarily on serotonin receptors
B)  illicit drugs that alter emotional or psychological states
C)  drugs that alter emotional state, behavioural functioning, and mental condition
D)  prescription medications that are used for the treatment of mental disorders, including sleep disorders

Question 18

What does the role-playing theory of hypnosis offered by Barber and Spanos suggest about the hypnotized subject?

Accepted Answer

A)  He enters into a trance and acts out suggestions.
B)  He knows that he or she is only pretending.
C)  He is in a normal state but acts out the role of a hypnotized person.
D)  He fakes a hypnotic state.

Question 19

During adulthood, there are changes in the proportions of sleep stages. Which of the following shows a gradual decline as we age?

Accepted Answer

A)  stage 1 sleep
B)  stage 2 sleep
C)  slow-wave sleep
D)  all stages of NREM sleep

Question 20

Which of the following would you expect to see if you were to observe Erika's brainwave patterns for a night or two after she started sleeping better?

Accepted Answer

A)  REM rebound
B)  absence of sleep spindles
C)  90 percent of sleep time spent in alpha waves
D)  no evidence of dreaming

Exam 5: A: Variations in Consciousness

Which of the following is known about people who work on rotating shift schedules ("shift workers") compared to people who work the same shift all the time?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following would you expect to see if you were to observe Erika's brainwave patterns for a night or two after she started sleeping better?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which stages of sleep appear to be important for consolidation of various types of memory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Rachel has been using a nonprescription drug on a regular basis for several years. She has now developed liver disease and ulcers, and she has been in three car accidents. Which drug is Rachel most likely a chronic user of?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

During adulthood, there are changes in the proportions of sleep stages. Which of the following shows a gradual decline as we age?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Danielle had a dream in which she was playing cards with an elephant. The next instant, the elephant had changed into one of her elementary school teachers. What do the sudden bizarre changes that took place in Danielle's dream represent, according to the activation synthesis model of dreaming?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Duong decided that her dream of flying reflects her desire to escape from an unfulfilling marriage. What would a contemporary dream theorist say to Duong?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following are generally associated with non-REM sleep?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dr. Bittner has developed a new drug that increases activity in the GABA system. What effects will this drug have?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which hormone appears to play a key role in adjusting our biological clocks?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements regarding yawning is NOT accurate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is NOT associated with chronic, heavy use of MDMA (ecstasy) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

It has been suggested by sleep theorists that one of the important functions of sleep is to facilitate memory consolidation. Which of the following appears to be correct regarding different stages of sleep, and consolidation of memory?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Madeline uses a nonprescription drug on a regular basis. Some of the short-term side effects she experiences are bloodshot eyes and poor short-term memory. What has Madeline been using?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Carlos is taking a prescription drug to reduce the anxiety he has been feeling since he lost his job. He finds that when he takes the drug he experiences some short-term lethargy and impaired coordination. What type of drug has Carlos's physician likely prescribed?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Given what you know about the effects of marijuana, both short term and long term, what is your position on the current debate in Canada regarding legalization of marijuana. Support your answer using at least three pieces of evidence.

Correct AnswerverifiedA good answer will provide evidence cons...View AnswerShow Answer

What is hypnosis?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Mark is a middle-aged man who has recently begun to talk and flail about while he is sleeping, which is very aggravating to his wife. It seems as if he is acting out a dream. Which of the following sleep disorders is most similar to Mark's problem?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What does the role-playing theory of hypnosis offered by Barber and Spanos suggest about the hypnotized subject?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What are psychoactive drugs?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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A good answer will provide evidence cons...
View Answer

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