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Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the causes behind the fall in the demand for M1 in the 1970s?


A) Higher prices in the 1970s reduced the demand for money.
B) Government deficits increased the demand for money, draining it out of the private sector.
C) Financial innovations, such as money market mutual funds, changed the demand for narrow definitions of money such as M1.
D) Increases in Eurodollar deposits drew money out of the banking system.

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Suppose the real money demand function is Md/P = 2000 + 0.2Y - 10,000 (i - im) . Assume M = 5000, P = 2.0, im = .04, and πe = .03. If Y were to increase from 4000 to 5000, then the real interest rate would increase by how many percentage points?


A) 2
B) 4
C) 5
D) 7

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Which of the following is true about velocity?


A) Velocity is constant.
B) M1 Velocity is more stable than M2 velocity.
C) M2 velocity is more stable than M1 velocity.
D) All else equal, velocity increases as demand for money rises.

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Which of the following is not part of M1?


A) currency
B) personal chequing accounts
C) personal savings deposits
D) current accounts

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If the income elasticity of money demand is 3/4 and income increases 8%, by about how much does the price level change?


A) falls 6%
B) unchanged
C) rises 6%
D) rises 8%

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Which of the following types of money is more liquid?


A) M1
B) M2+
C) M3
D) Currency

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If the income elasticity of money demand is 3/4 and the interest elasticity of money demands is -1/4, by what percent does money demand rise if income rises 10% and the nominal interest rate rises from 4% to 5%?


A) 7.50%
B) 6.25%
C) 5.00%
D) 1.25%

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Personal fixed-term savings deposits are included in M2+ rather than M1 because


A) they are available only to institutions, not to individuals.
B) they can be used as a medium of exchange, but are not as useful as the components of M1 as a store of value.
C) they can be used as a medium of exchange, but are less useful because of restrictions on their use for transactions.
D) they can easily be turned into cash for transaction purposes, but cannot be used directly as a medium of exchange.

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A good that is used as a medium of exchange as well as being a consumption good is called


A) a barter money.
B) a commodity money.
C) a legal tender.
D) a debased money.

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You are putting together a portfolio of assets. The three most important characteristics of the assets you will choose are


A) expected return, risk, and liquidity.
B) expected return, risk, and collateral.
C) expected return, risk, and maturity.
D) expected return, liquidity, and maturity.

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Suppose velocity is constant at 3, real output is 6000, and the price level is 20. From this initial situation, the government increases the nominal money supply to $50,000. If velocity and output remain unchanged, by how much will the price level increase?


A) 10%
B) 20%
C) 25%
D) 50%

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Suppose the income elasticity of money demand is 0.75 and the interest elasticity of money demand is -0.2. By what percentage does real money demand change in each of the following circumstances? a. Income rises 2%. b. The interest rate rises from 4% to 5%. c. Income falls 4%. d. The interest rate falls from 6% to 4%. e. Income rises 3% at the same time that the interest rate rises from 2% to 3%.

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Use the formula %△md ...

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Velocity is defined as


A) nominal money stock/nominal GDP.
B) nominal GDP/nominal money stock.
C) real money stock/real GDP.
D) E = mc2.

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M2 does not include


A) Treasury bonds.
B) passbook savings accounts.
C) small-denomination time deposits.
D) M1.

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Although rapid money growth causes inflation, some countries keep increasing their money growth. We can explain this by noting that


A) inflation in those countries is low enough to be ignored by the policy makers.
B) printing money is the only and easy way to finance the government expenditures in those countries.
C) in rich countries inflation does not hurt the economy.
D) policy makers do not know the relationship between inflation and money growth.

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If nominal GDP is $500 billion, real GDP is $250 billion, and the nominal money stock is $100 billion, then velocity is


A) 2.
B) 2.5.
C) 5.
D) 10.

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If real money demand increases 5% and real money supply increases 10%, by about how much does the price level change?


A) falls 5%
B) unchanged
C) rises 2%
D) rises 5%

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In some countries the U.S. dollar is used as a unit of account rather than the local currency. The primary reason for this is that


A) the nation has been running a trade surplus.
B) the nation has been running a trade deficit.
C) the U.S. inflation rate is higher than the local inflation rate.
D) U.S. dollars reduce the need to change prices frequently.

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The following are all functions of money except


A) medium of exchange.
B) store of value.
C) source of anxiety.
D) unit of account.

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