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During the nineteenth century, Congress was America's dominant institution of government, and members of Congress sometimes treated the president with disdain.Explain how presidents have changed this reality during the last 120 years by adopting an administrative strategy.Specifically, discuss how presidents have enhanced the reach and power of the Executive Office of the President (EOP), increased White House control over the federal bureaucracy, and expanded the role of instruments of direct presidential governance.

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There are three components to this quest...

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Impeachment offenses are charged by the


A) House and tried in the Senate, with the chief justice presiding and a two-thirds vote needed for conviction.
B) Senate and tried in the House, with the chief justice presiding and a two-thirds vote needed for conviction.
C) Senate and tried in the House, with the chief justice presiding and a 50 percent plus one vote needed for conviction.
D) House and tried in the Senate, with the chief justice presiding and a 50 percent plus one vote needed for conviction.

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President Clinton was unusual among modern presidents because he left the White House


A) less popular than when he entered.
B) more popular than when he entered.
C) without issuing a single signing statement.
D) without issuing a single executive order.

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The number of vetoes issued by a president each year


A) has been relatively constant throughout American history.
B) has never exceeded two.
C) is typically higher when Congress is controlled by the opposite party.
D) is typically lower when Congress is controlled by the opposite party.

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Under President Bill Clinton, the White House Communications Office


A) was renamed the Executive Office of the President.
B) was placed under the direct control of the vice president.
C) became responsible for developing and implementing a coordinated communications strategy on behalf of the president's agenda.
D) became responsible for managing all negotiations between the executive and legislative branches of government.

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Which of the following statements about the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) is MOST accurate?


A) Congressional tax legislation is specific and detailed, leaving little to the discretion of IRS administrators.
B) Congressional tax legislation is vague and empowers the IRS to employ a great deal of "prosecutorial discretion."
C) Congressional tax legislation is vague and the IRS receives all of its guidance from the president.
D) The IRS is an independent government agency and is not influenced by congressional tax legislation.

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The Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) and the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) are


A) independent agencies that answer to neither the president nor Congress.
B) headed by the president.
C) headed by the Senate Intelligence Committee.
D) headed by the House Intelligence Committee.

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The ________ is the informal designation for the heads of the major federal government departments.


A) White House staff
B) Presidential Advisory Committee
C) Cabinet
D) Executive Office of the President

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Richard Nixon claimed ________ when he refused to turn over secret White House tapes to congressional investigators.


A) presidential immunity
B) expressed powers
C) executive privilege
D) the Fifth Amendment

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C

Which two Supreme Court cases have affirmed the president's power to remove executive branch appointees?


A) Brown v.Board of Education and Plessy v.Ferguson
B) Clinton v.New York and Citizens United v.Federal Election Commission
C) United States v.Nixon and Clinton v.Jones
D) Myers v.United States and Bowsher v.Synar

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In the last few decades, executive orders have


A) become increasingly rare due to the limitations Congress has imposed on unilateral presidential action.
B) become focused almost exclusively on emergency wartime measures rather than on domestic policy matters.
C) become routine instruments of presidential governance rather than emergency wartime measures.
D) ended entirely due to a series of Supreme Court decisions outlawing most forms of unilateral presidential action.

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C

Congress


A) can terminate a state of emergency declared by the president only with a joint resolution of the two houses.
B) can terminate a state of emergency only by impeaching the president.
C) can terminate a state of emergency only by convening an "emergency committee" composed of the Speaker of the House, the majority leader of the Senate, and the chief justice of the Supreme Court, as described in Article I of the Constitution.
D) cannot terminate a state of emergency declared by the president.

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The main political value of the vice president is to


A) bring the president votes in the election from a group or region that would not otherwise be a likely source of support.
B) draw negative attention away from the president during times of crisis.
C) give the president an institutional link to Congress.
D) promote bipartisanship with members of the opposing political party.

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Cabinet members must


A) not be approved by the Senate and are not responsible to the Senate or to Congress at large.
B) not be approved by the Senate but are responsible to the Senate and to Congress at large.
C) be approved by the Senate and are responsible to the Senate and to Congress at large.
D) be approved by the Senate but are not responsible to the Senate or to Congress at large.

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An emergency declaration relating to foreign threats allows the president to


A) embargo trade, seize foreign assets, and prohibit transactions with whatever foreign nations are involved.
B) hold elections for an entirely new Congress regardless of whether congressional elections are scheduled.
C) issue a formal declaration of war without congressional approval.
D) add amendments to the Constitution without congressional or state government approval.

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A

When presidents use popular appeals in an attempt to create a mass base of support that will allow them to accomplish their goals, it is referred to as


A) going rogue.
B) going public.
C) selling out.
D) propagandizing the public.

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The idea that all executive power inheres in the president except as explicitly limited by the Constitution is called the ________ executive theory.


A) unlimited
B) totalitarian
C) unitary
D) dual

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If President Trump were to appoint an individual to fill a vacant position in the Department of Health and Human Services when the Senate was adjourned, it would be an example of a(n)


A) executive order.
B) recess appointment.
C) writ of mandamus.
D) writ of habeas corpus.

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A sole executive agreement is a


A) formal contract negotiated by a state governor and the president that requires the Senate's approval.
B) treaty negotiated by the Senate and a foreign state that requires the president's approval.
C) formal contract between the United States and a foreign state that is approved by a vote in the House of Representatives.
D) simple understanding between the president and a foreign state that is not submitted to Congress for approval.

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The three components of presidents' "administrative strategy" have been enhancing the power of the ________, increasing White House control over the federal ________, and Expanding the role of ________ and other instruments of direct presidential governance.


A) Government Accountability Office; bureaucracy; earmarks
B) Executive Office of the President; bureaucracy; executive orders
C) Executive Office of the President; judiciary; executive orders
D) Government Accountability Office; judiciary; earmarks

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