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Actions against alleged violators of the antitrust statutes may be initiated by the Justice Department,by the Federal Trade Commission,and by private plaintiffs.

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The International Communication Network which is the successor of GATT settles trade disputes among its member countries.

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Under the License Raj system in India:


A) the producers having the licence could produce as much as they wanted.
B) the producers were allowed to manufacture goods only for the government.
C) only the producers having the licence were allowed to import inputs from abroad.
D) producing beyond the specified limit was a punishable offence.
E) the producers could only produce to meet their subsistence needs.

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One reason that governments may intervene in the operation of a business through regulation is to:


A) increase monopoly profits.
B) reduce the amount of information consumers have about a product.
C) increase negative externalities.
D) promote competitive behavior.
E) decrease positive externalities.

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International regulation occurs at two levels,one in which a specific government regulates the activities of individual firms operating within the country,and another in which several nations are involved.

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Most natural monopolies are regulated at some level by government because:


A) an unregulated natural monopolist would produce an inefficiently low level of output.
B) an unregulated natural monopolist would produce only for government bureaucrats.
C) an unregulated natural monopolist would charge an inefficiently low price in the market.
D) an unregulated natural monopolist would charge an inefficiently high price in the market.
E) an unregulated natural monopolist would produce a large quantity at a high price.

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When a monopoly is regulated it is required to sell lower output at a lower price.

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Which of the following practices is notrestricted by the antitrust law in the United States?


A) Contracts and conspiracies in restraint of trade
B) Attempts to monopolize a market
C) Mergers that substantially lessen competition
D) Unfair or deceptive acts of competition
E) All forms of quality discrimination

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In the United States,monopoly regulation began primarily because:


A) there were no natural monopolies in the real world.
B) monopolies were especially guilty of unsafe industrial practices.
C) monopolies did not typically follow occupational and safety rules.
D) monopolies tended to restrict output and raise prices.
E) most economists believed that the majority of industries were following the purely competitive model.

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Which of the following entities is able to sue a firm for alleged antitrust misbehavior in the U.S.?


A) Department of Illegal Affairs
B) Department of State
C) Department of Homeland Security
D) Department of Justice
E) Department of Labor

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In the following figure,the first panel shows a market situation prior to regulation and the second panel shows the effects of regulation. Figure 12.2 In the following figure,the first panel shows a market situation prior to regulation and the second panel shows the effects of regulation. Figure 12.2   In the figure, D: Demand curve for automobiles S<sub>1</sub>: Supply curve of automobiles prior to regulation S<sub>2</sub>: Supply curve of automobiles after regulation FG: Clean up cost per unit -Refer to Figure 12.2.The regulation will benefit the society if: A) area BAJ > area 0FIQ<sub>2</sub>. B) area AECJ > area IGQ<sub>1</sub>Q<sub>2</sub>. C) area IGQ<sub>1</sub>Q<sub>2</sub> > area AECJ. D) area BAJ > BAC. E) area 0FIQ<sub>2 </sub>> area BAJ. In the figure, D: Demand curve for automobiles S1: Supply curve of automobiles prior to regulation S2: Supply curve of automobiles after regulation FG: Clean up cost per unit -Refer to Figure 12.2.The regulation will benefit the society if:


A) area BAJ > area 0FIQ2.
B) area AECJ > area IGQ1Q2.
C) area IGQ1Q2 > area AECJ.
D) area BAJ > BAC.
E) area 0FIQ2 > area BAJ.

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One difference between economic and social regulation is that economic regulation usually pertains to a specific industry,whereas social regulation applies most if not all industries.

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In a natural monopoly,government regulation is often used to ensure more beneficial price and output combinations for consumers in the market than would exist in the absence of regulation.

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Which of the following is most likely to happen if the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) wins a suit against alleged violators of antitrust law?


A) The FTC will receive compensation up to three times the damage caused.
B) The FTC will not be able to impose substantial penalties.
C) The FTC will force firms to break up through dissolution.
D) The FTC will force firms to merge together.
E) The FTC will file criminal actions that may result in fines but not prison sentences.

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According to the per se rule,activities that were potentially monopolizing tactics were illegal.

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Any kind of social regulation raises the per unit cost of production of a good and hence leads to a loss of producer and consumer surplus.

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Antitrust laws in the United States rely more on economic theory and the rule of reason approach,whereas the European Union relies more on the per se approach.

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Privatization occurs when a state owned firm is transferred to private ownership.

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The recession beginning in 2007 led many governments to begin encouraging trade.

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When regulators require that a natural monopoly sets price equal to average total cost:


A) it is said to be allowing a fair rate of return.
B) the firm earns a super normal profit.
C) the firm shuts down permanently.
D) the firm operates at the profit-maximizing level of output.
E) the firm shuts down temporarily.

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