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It is frequently desirable to experimentally regulate gene regulation and then study the consequences of expressing or suppressing the specific gene. To accomplish this, different gene sequences are fused to promoters or sequences that will be expressed as mRNA. Which of the following would most likely result in regulatable expression?


A) ARE
B) IRE
C) IBP
D) ICR

Correct Answer

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A modification that occurs to a nuclear gene that alters gene expression, but not permanently, is called _______ inheritance.


A) extranuclear
B) cytoplasmic
C) maternal effect
D) epigenetic
E) nuclear

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Gene methylation can be detected through the use of restriction endonucleases. Usually these are used in pairs where one enzyme will digest only unmethylated DNA in its recognition sequence while the other is insensitive to methylation. Which of the following statements is correct?


A) The enzyme that is insensitive to methylation serves as a control to make sure the inability of the other enzyme to digest DNA is not due to a mutation.
B) These are used in pairs since experiments have to be replicated and this one way of performing a replication of the experiment
C) The experimental design is flawed since there should be a third enzyme that would serve as a positive cocntrol
D) This experimental design is able to detect most of the methylated C residues in a particular region of DNA.

Correct Answer

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Epigenetic inheritance may occur at which of the following stages?


A) Oogenesis
B) Spermatogenesis
C) Embryogenesis
D) All of the answers are correct

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Northern blot analysis can be used to determine the relative amount and size of different RNA transcripts. Above is a representation of a northern blot analysis of several different tissues for the expression of a single gene. Which of the following statements is correct? A) Some of the samples contain incompletely processed mRNA B) Some of the samples contain pre-mRNA C) The mRNA is differentially spliced D) All tissues express identical proteins Northern blot analysis can be used to determine the relative amount and size of different RNA transcripts. Above is a representation of a northern blot analysis of several different tissues for the expression of a single gene. Which of the following statements is correct?


A) Some of the samples contain incompletely processed mRNA
B) Some of the samples contain pre-mRNA
C) The mRNA is differentially spliced
D) All tissues express identical proteins

Correct Answer

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What gene(s) is/are encoded in the Xic?


A) Xce
B) Xist
C) Tsix
D) Both the Tsix and Xist genes are in the Xic region

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Expression of ______ would inhibit X-inactivation.


A) Xic
B) Xist
C) Tsix
D) All of the answers are correct
E) None of the answers are correct

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What are some diseases associated with imprinting?


A) Angelman Syndrome
B) LHON
C) Alzheimer's Disease
D) All of the answers are correct

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Who originally identified a highly condensed structure in the interphase of nuclei?


A) Lyon
B) Barr
C) Ohno
D) None of the answers are correct

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B

What is the difference between the trithorax (TrxG) and polycomb (PcG) complexes of proteins?


A) TrxG proteins methylate lysine 27 on histone H3 while PcG complexes methylate lysine 4 on H3
B) Methylation of lysine at position 4 on H3 results in silencing of gene expression
C) TrxG complex proteins activate gene expression by methylating lysine 4 on H3, while PcG complex proteins repress gene expression by methylating lysine 27 on H3.
D) Methylation of H3 on lysine 27 can result in activation of transcription

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The best term for the process by which some exons are included in a mature mRNA from one cell but are absent from the mRNA in another cell is


A) RNA interference.
B) chromosomal remodeling.
C) alternative splicing.
D) Pre-mRNA splicing.

Correct Answer

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In an in vitro translation assay radioactive amino acids can be incorporated into proteins and the proteins separated from the unincorporated amino acids. Given the following data what are the conclusions that you would come to? In an in vitro translation assay radioactive amino acids can be incorporated into proteins and the proteins separated from the unincorporated amino acids. Given the following data what are the conclusions that you would come to? A) Double stranded RNA is more efficient at inhibiting translation than antisense RNA B) Antisense RNA is more efficient at inhibiting translation than double stranded RNA C) No conclusion about the efficiency of translation inhibiton can be made as the positive and negative controls did not perform appropriately D) The experiment did not work since the antisense fibronectin did not have an effect on amino acid incorporation.


A) Double stranded RNA is more efficient at inhibiting translation than antisense RNA
B) Antisense RNA is more efficient at inhibiting translation than double stranded RNA
C) No conclusion about the efficiency of translation inhibiton can be made as the positive and negative controls did not perform appropriately
D) The experiment did not work since the antisense fibronectin did not have an effect on amino acid incorporation.

Correct Answer

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A common way of studying methylation in cells is to sequence DNA samples before and after modification with sodium bisulfite. The sodium bisulfite deaminates Cytosine residues, generating Uracil residues, therefore resulting in a change in the sequence as compared to the non-modified DNA. Sodium bisulfite does not react with 5-methylcytosine so there will be no change in the sequence of those modified bases. When tumors are sequenced to study methylation patterns and epigenetic control, what would be the best control for sequencing using this technique?


A) Non-cancerous tissue DNA from a different individual but from the same organ
B) Liver DNA from the same individual that the cancer sample is from
C) DNA from non-cancerous tissue from the same individual's organ as the cancer
D) A combination of DNA from liver, brain and muscle from the same individual that has the cancer

Correct Answer

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Both parents usually imprint the same gene.

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In order of their occurrence what are the steps in RNA interference?


A) Processing of RNA transcript by DGCR8, binding to RISC, transport to cytoplasm, processing by Dicer, binding to target mRNA
B) Processing by Dicer, processing of RNA transcript by DGCR8, transport to cytoplasm, binding to RISC, binding to target mRNA
C) Processing of RNA transcript by DGCR8, transport to cytoplasm, processing by Dicer, binding to RISC, binding to target mRNA
D) Processing of RNA transcript by DGCR8, processing by Dicer, transport to cytoplasm, binding to RISC, binding to target mRNA

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C

Most imprinted genes are silenced. What is one exception to this rule?


A) H19
B) Igf-2
C) UBE3A
D) SNRPN

Correct Answer

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If a human cell has two Barr bodies then the genotype of the individual could be


A) XXXY.
B) XXXXY.
C) XXY.
D) XYY.

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What would be the consequence if an individual was homozygous for an IBP that could not bind iron but could bind to the IRE?


A) Unregulated transferrin receptor levels
B) Increased degradation of ferritin
C) Possible iron toxicity to the cells at levels of iron that would not normally be toxic to a cell
D) There would be no predicted consequence to iron metabolism in the cell

Correct Answer

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The expression of a single allele is associated with which of the following?


A) X-inactivation
B) Genomic imprinting
C) Maternal inheritance
D) Extra nuclear inheritance

Correct Answer

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B

What genes appear to be controlled by the Xic?


A) Xist and Tsix
B) Xist
C) TsiX
D) Xic

Correct Answer

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