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The study of the frequency and distribution of a disease in a defined population is ______.


A) pathology
B) clinical microbiology
C) medicine
D) immunology
E) epidemiology

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Endogenous infectious agents arise from microbes that are ______.


A) in food
B) the patient's own normal biota
C) on fomites
D) in the air
E) transmitted from one person to another

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Virulence factors include all of the following except ______.


A) capsules
B) ribosome
C) exoenzymes
D) endotoxin
E) exotoxin

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Which of the following is not true regarding healthcare-associated infections?


A) These infections are only transmitted by medical personnel.
B) These infections often involve the patient's urinary tract and surgical incisions.
C) The patient's resident biota can be the infectious agent.
D) Escherichia coli and staphylococci are common infectious agents.
E) Medical and surgical asepsis help lower their occurrence.

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Treponema pallidum is the bacterium that causes syphilis.The gram-negative spirochete has never been cultured on bacteriological media.Select the statement that most accurately describes this disease-causing microbe.


A) There is no way to perform an epidemiological study on this disease.
B) Koch's postulates cannot be fulfilled for this disease.
C) Because the bacterium cannot be grown, there is no way to characterize the organism as to staining features, biochemical test reactions, molecular testing, etc.
D) There is no satisfactory way to identify the disease without being able to grow it.

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Which genus is resident biota of the mouth, large intestine, and within the vagina from puberty to menopause?


A) Lactobacillus
B) Treponema
C) Haemophilus
D) Escherichia
E) Clostridium

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Resident biota of the gastrointestinal tract include ______.


A) Streptococcus
B) Bacteroides
C) Lactobacillus
D) Haemophilus
E) All of the choices are correct.

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Pathogenic microbes that cause disease in healthy people are called ______.


A) opportunistic pathogens
B) normal biota
C) indigenous biota
D) true pathogens
E) micropathogens

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Which of the following is not a structure used for bacterial adhesion?


A) Fimbriae
B) Surface proteins
C) Specialized receptors
D) Adhesive slime or capsules
E) Cilia

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Physicians are required to report new cases of gonorrhea to the CDC, whereas new cases of genital herpes are not notifiable.Evaluate the statements below and choose which statement best represents why some diseases are reportable and others are not.


A) Gonorrhea is treatable with antibiotics and therefore may develop resistance; genital herpes is not treatable with antibiotics.
B) Genital herpes is less deadly than gonorrhea.
C) Gonorrhea is more contagious than genital herpes.
D) Gonorrhea affects certain populations and geographic areas, whereas genital herpes does not.

Correct Answer

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A symptom is _______.


A) an objective indication of disease
B) a subjective indication of disease
C) measurable by health care personnel
D) a temperature

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Which of the following is not correct terminology used for resident biota?


A) Pathogenic biota
B) Normal biota
C) Indigenous biota
D) Normal microbiota
E) Commensals

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An animal, such as an arthropod, that transmits a pathogen from one host to another is a ______.


A) fomite
B) carrier
C) vector
D) reservoir
E) source

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You are studying a newly identified infectious disease within a population.Think of the typical graph of the course of infection--incubation period through to convalescent period.The new disease reveals a course of infection characterized by fluctuating symptoms, with intermittent periods of invasion (acute period) between prodromal periods.The whole course of infection occurs over a period of months or even years.Based upon the information presented, select the statement that most accurately reflects this new infectious disease.


A) This infectious disease exhibits latency.
B) This is not an infectious disease at all.
C) The host has immune problems and this is the typical course of a disease for that population.
D) Viral infections always present with this type of disease course.

Correct Answer

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Various bacterial enzymes that dissolve fibrin clots are ______.


A) coagulases
B) mucinases
C) keratinases
D) kinases
E) hyaluronidases

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Someone who inconspicuously harbors a pathogen and spreads it to others is a _______.


A) fomite
B) carrier
C) vector
D) reservoir
E) source

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Opportunistic pathogens


A) cause disease in every individual.
B) cause disease in compromised individuals.
C) are always pathogens.
D) have well-developed virulence factors.

Correct Answer

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Which of the following does not illustrate the use of universal precaution methods in the handling of patients and body substances?


A) Mask and gloves
B) Proper disposal of needles
C) Healthcare worker with active, open lesions handling patients
D) Hand washing
E) Sterilizing or disinfection of dental hand pieces

Correct Answer

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Which is not true about the Human Microbiome Project?


A) The HMP can only identify bacteria, not viruses.
B) The importance of the project is in analyzing the normal biota and correlating with human health and disease.
C) The HMP is looking for pathogens as well as nonpathogens in and on the human body.
D) Molecular biological lab techniques will be used for identification rather than standard biochemical lab techniques.

Correct Answer

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Enterotoxins are ______.


A) virulence factors
B) toxins that target the intestines
C) proteins
D) exotoxins
E) All of the choices are correct.

Correct Answer

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Showing 41 - 60 of 104

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