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Feedback can be more frequent when employees perform short rather than long job cycles.

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In Four-drive Theory, the drive to bond does not produce any emotional markers.

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Which of the following theories suggests that employee motivation is influenced by what other people contribute to and receive from the organization?


A) Expectancy Theory
B) Equity Theory
C) Needs-based Theory
D) Need Theory
E) Goal Setting Theory

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When people experience procedural injustice, they tend to:


A) engage in more organizational citizenship behaviors.
B) engage in counterproductive work behaviors.
C) be more likely to comply with higher authorities in the future.
D) change comparison others.
E) All of the answers are correct.

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Four-drive Theory offers a contemporary view of how individual drives influence behavior.The first part of the theory explains how drives generate emotions.Explain how these emotions are translated into employee behavior.Your answer should identify the three factors that people consider in this translation process.

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Goal setting potentially improves employee performance by increasing motivation and clarifying role perceptions.

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Four-drive Theory recommends keeping all four drives in "balance"; that is, organizations should avoid too much or too little opportunity to fulfill each drive.

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Abraham Maslow was the first to recognize that human thoughts play a role in motivation.

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Employees consider feedback from non-social sources to be more accurate than feedback from social sources.

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Maslow is credited for bringing a mechanistic perspective to the study of motivation.

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Feedback to employees is most effective when it is frequent, credible, and general.

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According to Expectancy Theory, a skill-development training program would:


A) have no effect on employee motivation.
B) mainly increase the effort-to-performance expectancy.
C) mainly increase the performance-to-outcome expectancy.
D) mainly increase the valence of pay increases and other organizational outcomes.
E) mainly alter the comparison other.

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Distributive justice increases directly with the extent that the decision allows voice, can be appealed, and has an unbiased decision maker.

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Effective feedback:


A) is general enough that it applies to any employee.
B) is provided only through social sources.
C) is provided no more frequently than once every three months.
D) all of the above.
E) none of the above.

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Feelings of inequity occur when employees receive less than others, but not when they receive more than others.

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Underreward inequity occurs when your outcome/input ratio is lower than the outcome/input ratio of a comparison other.

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Individualizing rewards enhances which Expectancy Theory component?


A) Performance expectancy
B) E-to-O expectancy
C) Valences of outcomes
D) E-to-P expectancy
E) V-to-E outcomes.

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In Expectancy Theory, the performance-to-outcome expectancy represents the anticipated satisfaction or dissatisfaction that an individual places on an outcome.

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In Expectancy Theory, valence refers to the:


A) amount of effort a person puts towards a known goal.
B) individual's perceived probability of performing the task at a particular level.
C) anticipated satisfaction or dissatisfaction that an individual feels towards an outcome.
D) individual's perceived probability that his or her performance will lead to specific outcomes.
E) feelings that result from a comparison of the individual's outcome/input ratio with the outcome/input ratio of a comparison other.

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In the Four-drive Theory, the drive ______ is the drive to form social relationships and develop mutual caring commitments with others.


A) to bond
B) for fairness
C) to defend
D) to acquire
E) to achieve goals

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