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Exam 12: Problem Solving

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Question 21

Multiple Choice

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Newell and Simon were early pioneers in designing computer programs that could solve problems. Their research program was based on the idea that problem solving is a process that involves

A) insight.
B) algorithms.
C) parity.
D) search.

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Question 22

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The water-jug problem demonstrates that one consequence of having a procedure that does provide a solution to a problem is that, if well-learned, it may prevent us from

A) seeing more efficient solutions to the problem.
B) being able to solve other problems at all.
C) understanding why the procedure works successfully.
D) discriminating between well- and ill-defined problems.

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Question 23

Multiple Choice

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____ identified people's tendency to focus on a specific characteristic of a problem that keeps them from arriving at a solution as a major obstacle to successful problem solving.

The radiation problem can be solved using

It is difficult to apply means-end analysis to an insight problem because it is difficult to define ____ for an insight problem.

Metcalfe and Wiebe gave participants problems to solve and asked them to make "warmth" judgments every 15 seconds to indicate how close they felt they were to a solution. The purpose of this experiment was to

Convergent thinking

Gick and Holyoak consider which of the following to be the most difficult step to achieve in the process of analogical problem solving?

The solution to the candle problem involves realizing that the

Janet is alone in a room that contains a chair and a shelf with a book resting on top.She attempts to retrieve the book, but the shelf is a foot above her reach.How will Janet retrieve the book? Psychologists would NOT classify this scenario as a problem because

Which of the following is an operator for the acrobat problem?

Considering the fortress and the radiation problems together, the fortress problem represents the _____ problem.

Gentner and coworkers' studies show that analogical encoding causes problem solvers to pay attention to ____ features that ____ their ability to solve other problems.

Functional fixedness would be LOWEST for a(n)

Dr.Curious is doing a follow-up study to the mutilated checkerboard problem experiment. In this new study, participants solve the following shoe problem before tackling the checkerboard problem.By doing this, Dr.Curious is studying the effect of _____ on problem solving. The shoe problem: A first-grade class is using a trampoline in gym class, so all the children have removed their shoes, which are all jumbled in a large pile.One of the students, Miguel, is leaving early, so the teacher tells him to grab his shoes and report to the lobby.In his hurry, Miguel grabs two identical left-footed, size 6 red sneakers and runs to his mother still sock-footed.Will the remaining students be able to shoe-up with the remaining shoes without getting a foot-ache?

The creative cognition approach that Finke used to get people to "invent" useful objects, is an example of

Phoenix Decorating Company is responsible for designing and building many of the floral floats seen in the Tournament of Roses Parade every New Year's Day.Phoenix's designers start preparing the floats for the next year's parade soon after the first of the year.For each corporate sponsor, Phoenix submits a variety of sketches as possible designs.In each design, it describes the concept as well as the floral materials that will be involved. This design process represents

Which problem provides an example of how functional fixedness can hinder solution of a problem?

Describe the three steps involved in analogical problem solving.Which step is the most difficult to achieve, and what is the evidence that this is the most difficult step?

The ability to transfer experience from one problem solving situation to a similar problem is known as