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From the innovation and learning perspective, survival is dependent upon managers making _________ changes to existing products and services as well as introduce entirely new products with expanded capabilities.


A) few
B) no
C) frequent
D) rare

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Crowdsourcing has many benefits, including the example in which McDonalds set up a Twitter campaign to promote positive word of mouth which became a platform for people looking to bash the chain.

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Which of the following examples demonstrates how successful organizations manage their primary activities?


A) Motorola has revised its compensation system to reward employees who learn a variety of skills.
B) Wal-Mart implemented a sophisticated information system that resulted in reduced inventory carrying costs and shortened customer response times.
C) National Steel improved its efficiency by reducing the number of job classifications.
D) Hewlett Packard has cut lead time from five days to one by employing JIT inventory management.

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Which of the following lists consists of support activities?


A) human resource management, technology development, customer service, and procurement
B) human resource management, customer service, marketing and sales, and operations
C) customer service, information systems, technology development, and procurement
D) human resource management, technology development, procurement, and general administration

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Path dependency has no impact on the inimitability of resources.

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Intangible resources are typically embedded in ________ routines and practices that have evolved and accumulated over time.


A) rare
B) standard
C) unique
D) obvious

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The internal business perspective of the balanced scorecard answers which of the following questions?


A) How do customers see us?
B) What must we excel at?
C) How do we look to shareholders?
D) Can we continue to improve and create value?

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Raymond Ozzie, the software designer who was critical in the development of Lotus Notes, was able to dictate the terms under which IBM acquired Lotus. This illustrates that he had ______ bargaining power based on the ________ cost required by the firm to replace him.


A) low; low
B) low; high
C) high; low
D) high; high

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A variety of firm resources include interpersonal relations among managers in the firm, its culture, and its reputation with its suppliers and customers. Such competitive advantages are based upon


A) path dependency.
B) social complexity.
C) physical uniqueness.
D) tangible resources.

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A resource is valuable and rare but neither difficult to imitate nor without substitutes. This should enable the firm to attain


A) no competitive advantage.
B) a temporary competitive advantage.
C) competitive parity.
D) a sustainable competitive advantage.

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Inventory turnover is a measure of asset utilization.

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A strength of the balanced scorecard is that it is very easy to implement and that there is little need for executive sponsorship.

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Some leading edge companies are applying the prosumer concept. Here, firms team up with their suppliers and alliance partners to satisfy their customer needs.

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Company reputation with customers, suppliers and other stakeholders is an intangible resource.

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The strengths and capabilities of a firm are enough to enable it to achieve a competitive advantage in the marketplace.

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__________ are the competencies or skills that a firm employs to transform inputs into outputs.


A) Tangible resources
B) Reputational resources
C) Organizational capabilities
D) Intangible resources

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Which of the following is not a factor that helps to explain the extent to which employees and managers will be able to obtain a proportionately high level of the profits that they generate?


A) Employees have high bargaining power.
B) The cost of employee replacement is high.
C) The cost of exit is high for an employee.
D) Managers have low bargaining power.

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The profit margin ratio is used to measure long-term solvency.

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Value-chain analysis can only be applied to manufacturing operations.

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Toyota, the giant automaker, paid a heavy price for its ___________ emphasis on cost control. The resulting problems with quality and the negative publicity led to severe financial losses and an erosion of its reputation in many markets.


A) minimal
B) superficial
C) low-budget
D) excessive

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