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The two most common pricing alternatives for products in the introduction stage of the product life cycle are


A) skimming pricing and penetration pricing.
B) price lining and product line pricing.
C) markdown pricing and quantity discount pricing.
D) skimming pricing and bundle pricing.
E) penetration pricing and experience curve pricing.

F) A) and E)
G) A) and B)

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Generally, the average length of time it takes for a product category to move from the introduction stage to the decline stage of its product life cycle is


A) 18 months.
B) 5 to 10 years.
C) 20 years.
D) 30 years.
E) unpredictable.

F) C) and E)
G) B) and C)

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Among teenagers, Pez has a __________ percent awareness level.


A) 50
B) 60
C) 75
D) 89
E) 98

F) A) and B)
G) D) and E)

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Johnson & Johnson effectively __________ St. Joseph Aspirin from a product for infants to one targeted at adults who may need a low-strength aspirin designed to reduce the risk of heart attacks or strokes.


A) reinvented
B) resurrected
C) reconfigured
D) repositioned
E) realigned

F) D) and E)
G) A) and C)

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Which stage in the product life cycle is characterized by a rapid increase in sales and the appearance of competitors?


A) maturity
B) decline
C) growth
D) accelerated development
E) introduction

F) None of the above
G) D) and E)

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Warranties, money-back guarantees, extensive usage instructions, demonstrations, and free samples are all ways in which companies


A) lose money during the introductory stage of a product's life cycle.
B) convince laggards to try a new product.
C) recoup research and development costs.
D) influence the product life cycle of fashion products.
E) attempt to overcome barriers to adoption.

F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

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When a company uses a product line extension, it


A) markets a product under a new brand name so that consumers will view it as an entirely new product line.
B) markets a new product with the current brand name to enter a new market segment in its product class.
C) speeds up the movement of a product through its product life cycle.
D) contracts with another firm to manufacture modified versions of the original products.
E) applies the current brand name to enter a completely different product class.

F) B) and E)
G) A) and E)

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DiGiorno rising crust pizza has been available in the freezer sections of supermarkets for quite a while. The product's recent introduction of a DiGiorno cheese-stuffed crust to its line of pizzas is an example of


A) a market-product grid.
B) diversification.
C) market modification.
D) product class extension.
E) product modification.

F) A) and E)
G) B) and E)

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Analog televisions are in which stage of their product life cycle according to the textbook?


A) accelerated downturn
B) cancellation
C) decline
D) maturity
E) devaluation

F) A) and B)
G) C) and D)

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If a firm's marketing dashboard displays a BDI over 100 for a consumer packaged good, such as General Mills' Warm Delights Minis, this indicates which of the following?


A) a weak brand position in a segment
B) a strong brand position in a segment
C) above-average product category purchases by a market segment
D) below-average product category purchases by a market segment
E) There is not enough information to make any conclusions.

F) B) and D)
G) None of the above

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When a product spreads through the population, it is called the


A) spread of innovation.
B) proliferation of innovation.
C) open innovation.
D) dispersal of innovation.
E) diffusion of innovation.

F) A) and C)
G) B) and C)

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Vinyl records, cassette tapes, CDs, and music downloads (MP3 files) are all members of the same


A) product form.
B) product mix.
C) product line.
D) product item.
E) product class.

F) A) and D)
G) A) and E)

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At which stage in the product life cycle do industry profits usually peak?


A) introduction
B) growth
C) maturity
D) decline
E) accelerated development

F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

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Which of the following products would have a fad product life-cycle curve?


A) women's hosiery
B) car tattoos
C) electric cars
D) convection ovens
E) sport drinks

F) A) and D)
G) C) and E)

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Consumer packaged goods firms such as General Mills and PepsiCo as well as industrial firms such as Intel and Hewlett-Packard employ a product manager to manage


A) all of an organization's product items or brands.
B) all of an organization's product classes.
C) all of an organization's existing products through the stages of their life cycles.
D) all products or brands that require close fiscal scrutiny.
E) a close-knit family of products or brands.

F) C) and D)
G) D) and E)

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Imagine that Eveready has developed solar rechargeable batteries that cost only slightly more to produce than the rechargeable batteries currently available. These solar batteries can be recharged by sunlight up to five times, after which they must be discarded. Unfortunately, the production process cannot be patented, so competitors could enter the market within a year. Which of the following would be the least sound marketing program decision?


A) Select a skimming pricing strategy to position the product as "premium."
B) Seek widespread distribution to gain a foothold in what might be a potentially huge market.
C) Limit production capacity until you are certain consumers will actually want the product.
D) Avoid a connection to the Eveready brand until the product has proven itself.
E) Use multiple brand names to discourage other competitors from entering the market.

F) B) and D)
G) B) and C)

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Greeting cards are an example of a __________ while Valentine cards are an example of a __________.


A) product line; product class
B) product family; product line
C) product class; product form
D) product brand; product line
E) product form; product class

F) A) and B)
G) B) and D)

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Ralston Purina advertises with the following slogan: "Your Pet, Our Passion-Premium Pet Food by Purina." The firm now offers high quality, super-premium cat and dog food based on formulations that promote "life stage nutrition." This line is an example of


A) rebranding.
B) trading up.
C) trading down.
D) trend setting.
E) product branding.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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A contractual agreement whereby one company (licensor) allows its brand name or trademark to be used with products or services offered by another company (licensee) for a royalty or fee is referred to as


A) co-branding.
B) generic branding.
C) reseller licensing.
D) mixed branding.
E) brand licensing.

F) A) and B)
G) A) and C)

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To ________________ of Gatorade offerings from the traditional Gatorade Thirst Quencher, newly enhanced beverages convey the attitude of a tough-love coach or personal trainer through in-your-face names on the label and nutrition benefits inside.


A) position the category
B) create a subbranding
C) create a pricing differential
D) differentiate the range
E) introduce a new product class

F) C) and D)
G) A) and B)

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