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Which of the following occurs when the recipient thoughtfully considers the issues and arguments involved in persuasion?


A) Central route processing
B) Cognitive dissonance
C) Peripheral route processing
D) Emotional appeal

E) A) and D)
F) A) and B)

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A(n) _____ is an expectation about the occurrence of a future event or behavior that acts to increase the likelihood the event or behavior will occur.


A) reciprocity-of-liking effect
B) self-fulfilling prophecy
C) diffusion of responsibility
D) entrapment

E) A) and C)
F) None of the above

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Define cognitive dissonance.Review Festinger and Carlsmith's (1959)classic demonstration of cognitive dissonance,being sure to identify the independent and dependent variables in their study.Suggest one real-world example potentially involving cognitive dissonance and indicate several ways that dissonance may be reduced in the situation you describe.

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Students' examples may vary.
The answer ...

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Identify and describe three attribution biases.Provide illustrative examples.

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Students' examples may vary.
The answer ...

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_____ is a type of thinking in which group members share such a strong motivation to achieve consensus that they lose the ability to critically evaluate alternative points of view.

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_____ refers to positive feelings for others;liking and loving.

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interperso...

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The reciprocity-of-liking effect means that we like:


A) people we've seen repeatedly.
B) people who live nearby.
C) people similar to ourselves.
D) people who like us.

E) C) and D)
F) A) and D)

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Fiona got an e-mail from her manager,Rebecca,asking her to meet to discuss a past project.Unfortunately,Fiona was struggling to complete a project due that afternoon and had to reply that she was too busy to meet today.Rebecca was not pleased with Fiona's refusal to meet and told another coworker that she thought Fiona was "too busy and important" to meet with her supervisor thus she is an unpleasant snob.Rebecca is making a ______ attribution of Fiona.


A) situational
B) dispositional
C) primary
D) secondary

E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

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The likelihood that an individual will help someone in an emergency situation is _____ correlated with the number of other people present.


A) negatively
B) positively
C) not
D) curvilinearly

E) A) and B)
F) B) and C)

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While making a fundamental attribution error,we center our attention on the person whose behavior we're considering because:


A) we are more likely to make attributions based on personal situational factors and less likely to make attributions relating to the dispositional factors.
B) the individual's immediate surroundings remain relatively unchanged and less attention grabbing.
C) we tend to exaggerate the importance of environmental factors in producing others' behavior and minimize the influence of personality characteristics.
D) when we view another person's behavior in a particular setting,the most conspicuous information is the person's immediate surrounding.

E) A) and B)
F) All of the above

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Discuss the characteristics of social influence and groups.

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Social influence is the process by which...

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_____ refers to a negative (or positive) evaluation of a particular group and its members.


A) Discrimination
B) Prejudice
C) Diffusion of responsibility
D) Reciprocity-of-liking effect

E) B) and C)
F) C) and D)

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Which of the following is true of central route processing?


A) People who are disinterested,unmotivated,bored,or distracted use central route processing to comprehend a message.
B) People who have a low need for cognition are more likely to employ central route processing.
C) People who have a low need for cognition become impatient when forced to spend too much time thinking about an issue,and consequently use central route processing.
D) People with a high habitual level of thoughtfulness and cognitive activity are more likely to employ central route processing.

E) A) and D)
F) C) and D)

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A cell phone manufacturer uses a trendy celebutante to advertise its product to teenagers.The company is relying on the _____ route to persuasion.

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Courtney is enrolled in an advanced physics class at her high school.She is one of only three girls in the class and she is aware of the notion that girls are poorer at math and science than are boys.This knowledge may actually hinder Courtney's performance in the class as a result of:


A) entrapment.
B) stereotype threat.
C) cognitive dissonance.
D) diffusion of responsibility.

E) A) and D)
F) A) and C)

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Which of the following was a significant finding in studies conducted by Asch on conformity?


A) Conformity is considerably higher when people must respond publicly.
B) People working on ambiguous tasks and questions (those with no clear answer) are less susceptible to conformity.
C) Groups that unanimously support a position show the least pronounced conformity pressures.
D) Tasks at which an individual is less competent than others in the group make conformity less likely.

E) None of the above
F) All of the above

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Identify several strategies psychologists have suggested for the effective management of anger.

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The answer should mention several of the...

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The social rank held within a group is termed _____.


A) social support
B) status
C) groupthink
D) social pressure

E) C) and D)
F) A) and B)

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Fear of confirming a negative stereotype about one's group may hinder one's performance in a particular domain;this phenomenon is known as _____.

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stereotype...

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Which of the following attribution biases is correctly matched with its definition?


A) Halo effect-An initial impression that an individual has some positive (or negative) traits leads us to infer that they have many other positive (or negative) characteristics as well.
B) Self-serving bias-We overemphasize dispositional factors when explaining other people's behavior.
C) Fundamental attribution error-We assume that other people are similar to ourselves,even when we first meet them.
D) Assumed-similarity bias-The tendency to attribute personal success to personal factors (skill,ability,or effort) and to attribute failure to factors outside oneself.

E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

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