Question 1

The minimum urine volume needed to excrete metabolic wastes produced by the body is called as

Accepted Answer

A)  renal plasma threshold.
B)  renal autoregulation.
C)  obligatory water loss.
D)  renal transport minimum.

Question 2

The _______________ nephrons play an important role in producing concentrated urine.

Accepted Answer

A)  juxtamedullary
B)  cortical
C)  pelvic
D)  calical

Question 3

Macula densa cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus are part of the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Conn's syndrome results in hypokalemia and

Accepted Answer

A)  metabolic alkalosis.
B)  metabolic acidosis.
C)  loss of H+.
D)  Both metabolic alkalosis and loss of H+ are correct.

Question 5

Neurohypophyseal secretion of __________ stimulates formation of concentrated urine.

Accepted Answer

A)  aldosterone
B)  renin
C)  antidiuretic hormone
D)  angiotensin I

Question 6

Renal insufficiency

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulates metabolic alkalosis.
B)  often results from dialysis.
C)  may occur as a result of arteriosclerosis.
D)  stimulates hypokalemia.

Question 7

The guarding reflex allows the urinary bladder to fill by

Accepted Answer

A)  inhibiting parasympathetic stimulation of the detrusor muscle.
B)  stimulating sympathetic nerves to the external urethral sphincter to contract.
C)  responding to stretch receptors in the bladder wall.
D)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 8

The conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II occurs primarily in the

Accepted Answer

A)  liver.
B)  adrenal cortex.
C)  kidneys.
D)  lungs.

Question 9

The renal pelvis receives urine from the

Accepted Answer

A)  minor calyces.
B)  ureters.
C)  renal pyramids.
D)  major calyces.

Question 10

Damage to which of the following neurons would impair micturition?

Accepted Answer

A)  parasympathetic neurons
B)  sympathetic neurons
C)  pudendal somatic motor neurons
D)  All of the choices are correct.

Question 11

Dialysis fluid has Na+,K+,and glucose present so that those substances will not be removed from the patient's blood.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The __________ acts as a countercurrent exchanger.

Accepted Answer

A)  juxtaglomerular apparatus
B)  peritubular capillaries
C)  vasa recta
D)  macula densa

Question 13

Where are OATs located?

Accepted Answer

A)  basolateral membrane of proximal tubule cells
B)  apical membrane of distal tubule cells
C)  basolateral membrane of distal tubule cells
D)  apical membrane of collecting duct cells

Question 14

Glomerulonephritis may result from destruction of the glomerular capillary basement membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Dilation of the afferent arteriole would increase glomerular pressure.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which of the following is the correct order of the nephron tubule structures?

Accepted Answer

A)  distal convoluted tubule,loop of Henle,proximal convoluted tubule,Bowman's capsule
B)  proximal convoluted tubule,Bowman's capsule,distal convoluted tubule,loop of Henle
C)  Bowman's capsule,proximal convoluted tubule,loop of Henle,distal convoluted tubule
D)  loop of Henle,Bowman's capsule,proximal convoluted tubule,distal convoluted tubule

Question 17

The ability of the kidneys to maintain a relatively constant GFR despite fluctuating blood pressures is called as

Accepted Answer

A)  renal plasma threshold.
B)  renal transport maximum.
C)  renal plasma clearance.
D)  renal autoregulation.

Question 18

Salt leaving the ascending limb of the loop of Henle causes the loss of water from the descending limb of the loop of Henle.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Antidiuretic hormone exerts its effect via a cAMP second messenger system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Granular cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus respond to decreased blood volume and increased sympathetic nerve activity by secreting

Accepted Answer

A)  renin.
B)  inulin.
C)  angiotensinogen.
D)  natriuretic hormone.

Exam 17: Physiology of the Kidneys

Damage to which of the following neurons would impair micturition?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The conversion of angiotensin I into angiotensin II occurs primarily in the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Where are OATs located?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The renal pelvis receives urine from the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Glomerulonephritis may result from destruction of the glomerular capillary basement membrane.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dilation of the afferent arteriole would increase glomerular pressure.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following is the correct order of the nephron tubule structures?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The ability of the kidneys to maintain a relatively constant GFR despite fluctuating blood pressures is called as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Granular cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus respond to decreased blood volume and increased sympathetic nerve activity by secreting

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The minimum urine volume needed to excrete metabolic wastes produced by the body is called as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Salt leaving the ascending limb of the loop of Henle causes the loss of water from the descending limb of the loop of Henle.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Renal insufficiency

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Antidiuretic hormone exerts its effect via a cAMP second messenger system.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The __________ acts as a countercurrent exchanger.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Neurohypophyseal secretion of __________ stimulates formation of concentrated urine.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The guarding reflex allows the urinary bladder to fill by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The _______________ nephrons play an important role in producing concentrated urine.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Macula densa cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus are part of the tubuloglomerular feedback mechanism.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dialysis fluid has Na+,K+,and glucose present so that those substances will not be removed from the patient's blood.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Conn's syndrome results in hypokalemia and

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Dialysis fluid has Na⁺,K⁺,and glucose present so that those substances will not be removed from the patient's blood.

Correct Answer
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