Question 1

Antimicrobial resistance can be due to spontaneous mutation or gene acquisition.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

An antibiotic made by microorganisms and modified by chemists is called

Accepted Answer

A)   anti-metabolic.
B)   catabolic.
C)   synthetic.
D)   semi-synthetic.

Question 3

Sulfonamide and trimethoprim are both

Accepted Answer

A)   examples of metabolic inhibitors.
B)   folate inhibitors.
C)   protein synthesis inhibitors.
D)   inhibitors of cell wall synthesis.
E)   examples of metabolic inhibitors AND folate inhibitors.

Question 4

One of the earliest researchers to explore the use of chemicals to kill microbial pathogens was

Accepted Answer

A)   Koch.
B)   Hooke.
C)   Fleming.
D)   Ehrlich. D

Question 5

Antifungal drugs usually target the cell membrane.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The MBC may be determined by an extension of the MIC.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 7

Which of the following drugs target peptidoglycan?

Accepted Answer

A)   penicillin
B)   cephalosporin
C)   vancomycin
D)   bacitracin
E)   All of the choices are correct.

Question 8

Why would antimicrobials that have toxic side effects be used at all (select the BEST reason) ?

Accepted Answer

A)   We want the largest possible number of choices of drugs in case a microbe shows resistance. With more possible weapons (even toxic ones) , we have greater ability to eliminate infections.
B)   Every person is different. What is toxic to one person may not be toxic to another person. To eliminate a useful drug because it's toxic to 1% of people treated is a waste.
C)   Depending on the location of the infection, we may have no choice but to utilize a drug that has some toxic side effects to the patient.
D)   They shouldn't be used. We have enough of a selection of drugs that we can always select a drug with no toxicity. Drugs with toxicity are simply leftovers-relics from a time when we didn't have as many drug options.

Question 9

Which of the following bacteria have an innate resistance to penicillin?

Accepted Answer

A)   S. aureus
B)   S. epidermidis
C)   M. luteus
D)   Mycoplasma

Question 10

Antiviral drugs may target

Accepted Answer

A)   uncoating.
B)   nucleic acid synthesis.
C)   viral assembly.
D)   viral ribosomes.
E)   uncoating, nucleic acid synthesis AND viral assembly.

Question 11

Why would it be important for the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion test to use a standard concentration (number of cells in the sample)  of each of the bacterial strains being tested?

Accepted Answer

A)   Antibiotics only work within a narrow range of cell concentrations. If you use a concentration that is too low or too high, you will get inaccurate measurements of the zone of inhibition.
B)   Antibiotic resistance is usually only manifested by bacteria that have achieved a very high concentration (i.e. they are in the very end of the stationary phase of the growth curve) . It's important to use bacteria specifically at this particular point for disc diffusion testing.
C)   If you were to use 1 strain that was in stationary phase (high concentration, replicating very slowly or not at all) , and another strain that was just beginning log phase (low concentration but replicating quickly) , you could see dramatically different results in the disc diffusion test. This could skew your interpretations of resistance/susceptibility.
D)   Growth on the Mueller-Hinton agar plates utilized is very sensitive to the phase of the growth curve the bacteria are in when they are placed on the plate. If they are not in the log phase when they are placed on the plate, they will not grow and the test will be worthless.

Question 12

Which is true of aminoglycosides?

Accepted Answer

A)   They are bacteriostatic.
B)   They irreversibly bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit.
C)   They block peptidoglycan synthesis.
D)   They are bactericidal.
E)   They irreversibly bind to the 30S ribosomal subunit AND they are bactericidal.

Question 13

The arsenic compound that proved highly effective in treating syphilis was called

Accepted Answer

A)   penicillin.
B)   sulfa.
C)   erythromycin.
D)   Salvarsan.

Question 14

The rate of elimination of an antimicrobial is expressed as its

Accepted Answer

A)   metabolic destructive rate.
B)   half-life.
C)   effective time.
D)   dosage rate.

Question 15

Which test is used to determine the susceptibility of a microorganism to an antimicrobial?

Accepted Answer

A)   MIC
B)   MIB
C)   MLB
D)   Kirby-Bauer test D

Question 16

If drugs are less effective when taken together than when each is taken separately, they are called

Accepted Answer

A)   energetic.
B)   antagonistic.
C)   additive.
D)   synergistic.

Question 17

Penicillin was discovered by

Accepted Answer

A)   Koch.
B)   Hooke.
C)   Fleming.
D)   Ehrlich.

Question 18

Bacteria may become antibiotic resistant due to

Accepted Answer

A)   drug-inactivating enzymes.
B)   alteration in the target molecule.
C)   decreased uptake of the drug.
D)   increased elimination of the drug.
E)   All of the choices are correct.

Question 19

Broad-spectrum antibiotics have minimal effect on the normal flora.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Certain antimicrobials may be life-threatening.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 20: Antimicrobial Medications

Antimicrobial resistance can be due to spontaneous mutation or gene acquisition.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An antibiotic made by microorganisms and modified by chemists is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sulfonamide and trimethoprim are both

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

One of the earliest researchers to explore the use of chemicals to kill microbial pathogens was

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Antifungal drugs usually target the cell membrane.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The MBC may be determined by an extension of the MIC.

Correct AnswerverifiedTrue

Which of the following drugs target peptidoglycan?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why would antimicrobials that have toxic side effects be used at all (select the BEST reason) ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following bacteria have an innate resistance to penicillin?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Antiviral drugs may target

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Why would it be important for the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion test to use a standard concentration (number of cells in the sample) of each of the bacterial strains being tested?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which is true of aminoglycosides?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The arsenic compound that proved highly effective in treating syphilis was called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The rate of elimination of an antimicrobial is expressed as its

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which test is used to determine the susceptibility of a microorganism to an antimicrobial?

Correct AnswerverifiedD

If drugs are less effective when taken together than when each is taken separately, they are called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Penicillin was discovered by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bacteria may become antibiotic resistant due to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Broad-spectrum antibiotics have minimal effect on the normal flora.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Certain antimicrobials may be life-threatening.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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D

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True

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D

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