Exam 8: Bacterial Genetics

A) AACCGGG
B) TATATACG
C) AUAUCGAU
D) AATTAGTTC
E) TATATACG AND AATTAGTTC

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A) nitrogen mustards.
B) alkylating agents.
C) base analogs.
D) nitrous oxide.

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A) proofreading by DNA polymerase, glycosylase enzyme activities, excision repair, photoreactivation, SOS repair
B) SOS repair, photoreactivation, excision repair, glycosylase enzyme activities, proofreading by DNA polymerase
C) photoreactivation, SOS repair, proofreading by DNA polymerase, glycosylase enzyme activities, excision repair
D) glycosylase enzyme activities, SOS repair, photoreactivation, proofreading by DNA polymerase, excision repair

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A) alkyl groups of the nitrogen bases.
B) nitrogen base sequence.
C) number of binding sites on the nitrogen bases.
D) hydrogen bonding properties of the nitrogen bases.

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A) Direct cell-to-cell contact is required for this process, and this is more likely to be achieved in the plate format than in the fluid format (especially for relatively non-motile types of bacteria) .
B) Direct cell-to-cell contact isn't required for this process, so the ability to secrete the DNA into the surrounding fluid medium makes the process more efficient than the dry surface of an agar plate.
C) Direct cell-to-cell contact is required for this process, and this is more likely to be achieved in the fluid liquid format than on an agar plate (especially for relatively non-motile types of bacteria) .
D) Trick question-it can take place with the same degree of efficiency on either format. It doesn't matter!

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A) the genotype of a bacterium that lacks a functional gene for histidine synthesis.
B) the genotype of a bacterium that has a functional gene for histidine synthesis.
C) the opposite of a hers gene.
D) bacteria that are auxotrophic for histidine.
E) the genotype of a bacterium that lacks a functional gene for histidine synthesis AND bacteria that are auxotrophic for histidine.

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E

A) no repair mechanisms.
B) photoreactivation repair.
C) SOS repair.
D) excision repair.
E) photoreactivation repair AND excision repair.

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A) from any source.
B) from any species of bacteria.
C) from the same species of bacteria.
D) only through plasmids.
E) from any source AND only through plasmids.

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A) the mutant but not the parental cell type will grow.
B) the mutation will be reversed.
C) the nutrients necessary for mutation to occur are present.
D) the mutagen is present.

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A) Good-kill those cancer cells as quickly as possible to cure the patient!
B) Bad-these mutagens will also affect the non-cancerous cells, possibly leading to new cancerous states!
C) Good and bad-they're very good at killing cancer cells, but depending on mode of administration, they could also be dangerous to non-cancerous cells.
D) Bad-the cancer cells are already mutated. We don't want to mutate them more and make them more cancerous!

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A) It is a bacterial infection of plants.
B) It requires a plasmid.
C) It produces a large amount of opines that neither the plant nor bacteria synthesizes.
D) It is due to the incorporation of bacterial plasmid DNA into the plant chromosome.
E) All of the choices are true.

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A) It utilizes an endonuclease.
B) It requires DNA polymerase and DNA ligase.
C) It utilizes the state of methylation of the DNA to differentiate between strands.
D) It removes both strands in the mismatch area.

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D

A) nitrous oxide.
B) base analogs.
C) alkylating agents.
D) intercalating agents.

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True

A) a bacterial plasmid promoter that was similar to plant promoters.
B) an R plasmid.
C) incorporation of the bacterial chromosome into the plant.
D) incorporation of the plant chromosome into the bacteria.

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A) will respond to chemical agents.
B) have a high probability of being carcinogenic.
C) respond to the deletion of DNAses.
D) will protect an organism from cancer.
E) will respond to chemical agents AND will protect an organism from cancer.

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A) is useful for direct selection.
B) is useful for identifying auxotrophs.
C) uses media on which the mutant will not grow and the parental cell type will.
D) is used to store strains of bacteria.
E) is useful for identifying auxotrophs AND uses media on which the mutant will not grow and the parental cell type will.

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