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_____ develop(s) more rapidly during early childhood,and _____ develop(s) more rapidly during middle and late childhood.


A) Long-term memory; short-term memory
B) Short-term memory; long-term memory
C) Knowledge; expertise
D) Expertise; knowledge

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Which of the following statements represents the current thinking among increasing numbers of experts in the field of reading?


A) Direct instruction in the whole-language approach is a key aspect of learning to read.
B) Direct instruction in phonics is a key aspect of learning to read.
C) The whole-language approach and the phonics approach are equally effective in teaching children to read.
D) The morphological approach has been shown to be the best way to teach reading.

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In terms of brain development in school-age children,a shift in activation occurs:


A) from smaller,focal areas to larger diffuse areas.
B) from larger diffuse areas to smaller,focal areas.
C) from the prefrontal cortex to the brain stem.
D) from more diffusion to less focal activation in the prefrontal cortex.

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In 2009-2010,_____ percent of U.S.6- to 11-year-olds were classified as obese.


A) 12
B) 30
C) 25
D) 18

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Which of the following is NOT an effective memory strategy?


A) Encourage elaboration,or more extensive processing.
B) Encourage the use of mental imagery.
C) Encourage memorization rather than understanding of information.
D) Repeat with variation often and link information early.

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At Jackson Elementary,children are taught to read by learning to recognize entire words and sentences and to use the context words that are used in the text to guess their meaning.Their reading material consists of stories,poems,and later,newspapers and magazines.This school is using the _____ approach to reading instruction.


A) assisted-language
B) remedial-language
C) phonics
D) whole-language

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Mental age (MA) is:


A) the age that an individual mentally identifies himself at.
B) the age at which an individual attains cognitive maturity.
C) an individual's level of mental development relative to others.
D) an individual's age at the time of peak cortical thickness.

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.The concept that a child with a disability must be educated in a setting that is as similar as possible to settings of children who do not have disabilities.

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Least rest...

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Recent studies have found that for ELLs (English Language Learners) ,the most effective approach is:


A) English only.
B) dual-language learning.
C) distance learning.
D) native language learning only.

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Many intelligence tests are biased in that they:


A) test predominantly nonverbal skills.
B) consider the values common to all test takers.
C) reflect the cultures of some test takers more than others.
D) use only standardized test items familiar to all test takers.

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If intelligence is assumed to be normally distributed,which of the following would you expect to find in the overall population?


A) More people of high intelligence than of low intelligence
B) More people of moderate intelligence than of high or low intelligence
C) More people of high intelligence than of moderate or low intelligence
D) More people of low intelligence than of moderate or high intelligence

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The _____ approach to reading instruction emphasizes the teaching of basic rules for translating written symbols into sounds.


A) whole-language
B) phonics
C) balanced-instruction
D) morphological

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If Sergio's mental age is 8,but his chronological age is 9,we would say that Sergio's IQ is:


A) average.
B) below average.
C) above average.
D) unable to be determined from the information provided.

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Individuals who are categorized as having moderate mental retardation have an IQ of _____.


A) 25 to 39
B) 71 to 100
C) 55 to 70
D) 40 to 54

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_____ involves knowing about knowing.


A) Cognition
B) Brainstorming
C) Metacognition
D) Metadata

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The type of thinking that produces many answers to the same question is called:


A) divergent thinking.
B) convergent thinking.
C) expressive thinking.
D) productive thinking.

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Research indicates that it is unlikely that learning disabilities:


A) reside in a single,specific brain location.
B) are due to problems in integrating information from multiple brain regions.
C) are a result of subtle difficulties in brain structures.
D) are a result of subtle difficulties in brain functions.

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Emily has the ability to think about things in novel and unusual ways; this allows her to come up with unique solutions to problems.This ability is called:


A) logical thinking.
B) analytical thinking.
C) critical thinking.
D) creative thinking.

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.Briefly describe the three types of learning disabilities.Discuss the various treatment options.Do you think that educators treat learning disabilities appropriately? Provide reasons for your answer.

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Three types of learning disabilities are...

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On average,children gain _____ pounds per year during middle and late childhood.


A) one to two
B) two to three
C) five to seven
D) seven to ten

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