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Research suggests that when parties are pressured or required to enter mediation,they generally come away finding it to be a fair and satisfactory process.

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Formal or contractual mediation is free from established or accepted rules and procedures.

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Which of the following is heavily involved in helping to establish or enhance communication and dispute resolution skills that the parties can then apply to the immediate dispute and future communication?


A) Process consultants
B) Arbitrators
C) ADR systems
D) Mediators
E) All of the above

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Cobb suggests that effective mediators ____________ bargainers by balancing power,controlling the process,and being neutral.

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The chilling effect states that


A) if negotiators anticipate that their own failure to agree will lead to a binding arbitration,they lose their incentive to work seriously for a negotiated settlement.
B) when arbitration is anticipated as a result of the failure of parties to agree,negotiators may lose interest in the process of negotiating.
C) as the frequency of arbitration increases,disenchantment with the adequacy and fairness of the process develops,and the parties may resort to other means to resolve their disputes.
D) perceived patterns of partiality toward one side may jeopardize the arbitrator's acceptability in future disputes.
E) The chilling effect states all of the above.

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Formal intervention methods are


A) third party roles and behaviors that are incidental to other primary roles.
B) intentionally designed and generally follow a set of rules or standards.
C) third party actions that follow a rigid,structured procedure and set of rules.
D) third party actions implemented as part of an organizational hierarchy.
E) None of the above defines formal intervention methods.

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Third-party intervention is always imposed "from without" by choice,custom,law,or regulation.

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According to Zubek,Pruitt,Pierce,McGillicuddy and Syna,mediator behaviors positively related to successful mediation include:


A) demonstrating empathy.
B) providing reassurance.
C) displaying expertise.
D) keeping order.
E) Effective mediation behaviors include all of the above.

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What is the biasing effect?

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Arbitrators must be careful th...

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What does the ADR stand for in ADR systems?

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Alternativ...

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The ____________ form of mediation strategy has a low concern for aspirations and a low perception of common ground.

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What attributes should a process consultant possess?

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First,they should be perceived as expert...

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____________ is defined as "a set of activities on the part of the consultant that helps the client to perceive,understand,and act upon the process events which occur in the client's environment."

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Process co...

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Process consultation has been used most commonly to improve longstanding relationships that the parties want to continue.

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In mediation,indirect pressure typically comes through wearing the parties down over ____________ and increasing the cost of holding out.

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As mediation progresses,mediators often become less active and allow the disputing parties to take on more aggressive roles.

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In ____________ intervention,managers exert high control over the decision,but not the process.

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Relating to "the issues" in aspects of mediation,effectiveness entails


A) saving face when making concessions.
B) resolving internal disagreements.
C) uncovering the underlying interests and concerns.
D) dealing with constituents.
E) Mediation effectiveness relating to the issues entails all of the above.

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When negotiators have tried all other options and are not making progress,when mistrust and suspicion are high,or when the parties cannot take actions toward defusing conflict without those actions being misinterpreted and mistrusted by others,____________ involvement may become necessary.

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Binding arbitration requires the parties to comply with the decision,either by law or by precedent within that sphere of arbitral practice.

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