Question 1

When correlations are reported in a research article,which of the following information is least likely to be provided?

Accepted Answer

A)  the value of r
B)  the significance level
C)  the Z scores
D)  a correlation matrix

Question 2

A scatter diagram

Accepted Answer

A)  is a bar graph that shows the frequencies of the different values in a distribution.
B)  is a line graph that looks like a mountain-peak skyline and shows the frequencies of the different values in a distribution.
C)  shows the relation of two variables as dots in a two-dimensional graph.
D)  is also called a random distribution frequency plot.

Question 3

The term for the subjective overestimation of the strength of the relationship between two variables is

Accepted Answer

A)  illusory correlation.
B)  negative correlation.
C)  positive correlation.
D)  inflated correlation.

Question 4

A graphic display of the pattern of relationship between two variables is a(n)__________.

Accepted Answer

scatter di...

Question 5

If a study finds that the scarier the movie a person is watching,the more popcorn the person will eat,the relationship between scariness and popcorn is an example of a(n)__________ correlation.

Accepted Answer

positive,p...

Question 6

A statistically significant correlation means that it is unlikely that a correlation this high would have been observed in the group studied if the correlation were in fact zero for __________.

Accepted Answer

people in ...

Question 7

When testing the significance of the correlation coefficient,the null hypothesis is usually that in the population,the true correlation

Accepted Answer

A)  is less than 1.
B)  is zero.
C)  is greater than the actual correlation.
D)  is less than the actual correlation.

Question 8

The shape of a scatter diagram should be __________.

Accepted Answer

roughly sq...

Question 9

Correlations will be lower if one or both of the variables are measured with tests or inventories that are __________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Correlations will be lower if one or...

Question 10

In a scatter diagram,the variable thought to be the cause or the predictor goes on the __________ axis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In a scatter diagram,the variable thought to...

Question 11

When figuring a correlation coefficient,the absolute value of the summed cross-products

Accepted Answer

A)  gets larger when the scores of more people are included in the analysis.
B)  gets smaller as the variance of the scores for each variable increases.
C)  gets larger as the measurement scale for each variable becomes more restricted.
D)  is negative when the scores of large numbers of people are included in the analysis. A

Question 12

Using a standard power table,what is the approximate power of each of the following studies that will use correlation and the .05 significance level?

Accepted Answer

<img  loading="lazy" src="/assets/images/blured-textbook.svg" class="d-inline m-1" alt="blured image" width="139" height="30"> A).15 B)....

Question 13

The t test for the correlation coefficient

Accepted Answer

A)  is robust to moderate violations of its assumptions.
B)  is robust to even extreme violations of its assumptions.
C)  is slightly less robust than other t tests to violations of its assumptions.
D)  is much less robust than other t tests to violations of its assumptions.

Question 14

Which of the following calculations is necessary for figuring the correlation coefficient?

Accepted Answer

A)  finding the grand mean
B)  finding the cross-products of each person's X and Y raw scores
C)  finding the means of X and Y
D)  finding the difference between each person's X and Y raw scores

Question 15

The difference between a positive correlation and a negative correlation is that

Accepted Answer

A)  in a negative correlation,high scores go with high scores and low with low; in a positive correlation,high scores go with low scores and low with high.
B)  in a negative correlation,high scores go with low scores and low with high; in a positive correlation,high scores go with high scores and low with low.
C)  negative correlations are curvilinear; positive correlations are straight lines.
D)  negative correlations represent a weak relationship; positive correlations represent a strong relationship.

Question 16

Two or more identical pairs of scores can be identified on a scatter diagram by __________.

Accepted Answer

A
 number in lieu of a dot; two dots next to one another (preferably touching)

Question 17

To compare correlations with each other,the proportionate reduction in error can be figured by

Accepted Answer

A)  multiplying each correlation coefficient by 10.
B)  calculating the square root of each correlation coefficient.
C)  squaring each correlation coefficient.
D)  multiplying each correlation coefficient by 2. C

Question 18

Under what conditions can the possibility that Y causes X be ruled out when two variables,X and Y,are strongly correlated?

Accepted Answer

A)  if the correlation is positive
B)  if the correlation is negative
C)  if X occurs before Y
D)  if Y occurs before X

Question 19

Spearman's rho handles curvilinearity in the relation between two variables by first converting all scores to

Accepted Answer

A)  ranks.
B)  deviation scores.
C)  Z scores.
D)  logs of the original scores.

Question 20

When making a scatter diagram,

Accepted Answer

A)  the values on the vertical axis go from highest at the bottom to lowest at the top.
B)  the overall shape should be roughly square.
C)  two dots are used to mark each score.
D)  outlying values are excluded to maintain the proper shape.

Exam 11: Correlation

When correlations are reported in a research article,which of the following information is least likely to be provided?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A scatter diagram

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The term for the subjective overestimation of the strength of the relationship between two variables is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A graphic display of the pattern of relationship between two variables is a(n)__________.

Correct Answerverifiedscatter di...View AnswerShow Answer

If a study finds that the scarier the movie a person is watching,the more popcorn the person will eat,the relationship between scariness and popcorn is an example of a(n)__________ correlation.

Correct Answerverifiedpositive,p...View AnswerShow Answer

A statistically significant correlation means that it is unlikely that a correlation this high would have been observed in the group studied if the correlation were in fact zero for __________.

Correct Answerverifiedpeople in ...View AnswerShow Answer

When testing the significance of the correlation coefficient,the null hypothesis is usually that in the population,the true correlation

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The shape of a scatter diagram should be __________.

Correct Answerverifiedroughly sq...View AnswerShow Answer

Correlations will be lower if one or both of the variables are measured with tests or inventories that are __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a scatter diagram,the variable thought to be the cause or the predictor goes on the __________ axis.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When figuring a correlation coefficient,the absolute value of the summed cross-products

Correct AnswerverifiedA

Using a standard power table,what is the approximate power of each of the following studies that will use correlation and the .05 significance level?

Correct Answerverified A).15 B)....View AnswerShow Answer

The t test for the correlation coefficient

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following calculations is necessary for figuring the correlation coefficient?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The difference between a positive correlation and a negative correlation is that

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Two or more identical pairs of scores can be identified on a scatter diagram by __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedA number in lieu of a dot; two dots next to one another (preferably touching)

To compare correlations with each other,the proportionate reduction in error can be figured by

Correct AnswerverifiedC

Under what conditions can the possibility that Y causes X be ruled out when two variables,X and Y,are strongly correlated?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Spearman's rho handles curvilinearity in the relation between two variables by first converting all scores to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When making a scatter diagram,

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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scatter di...
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positive,p...
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people in ...
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roughly sq...
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A

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A).15 B)....
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A number in lieu of a dot; two dots next to one another (preferably touching)

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C

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