Question 1

Psychologists stopped relying on the method of analytic introspection as their primary research tool because:

Accepted Answer

A)  they wanted to study mental processes rather than observable behavior.
B)  results were inconsistent across labs.
C)  laboratory research was replaced by field research.
D)  the technique did not provide useful information for therapists.

Question 2

Independent variable is to dependent variable as ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  effect is to confound
B)  experimental is to correlation
C)  measure is to manipulate
D)  manipulate is to measure

Question 3

Which of the following statements about research with animals is incorrect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Animals are no longer allowed to be used in research in which it would be clearly unethical to use humans.
B)  Scientists who oppose animal rights activists argue that the goals of scientific research justify some animal suffering,although they agree it should be minimized.
C)  Animals are only used in about 7 percent of psychological research.
D)  Animal researchers do not use anesthesia in surgery,causing some concern about pain.

Question 4

The early perspective called Gestalt psychology has evolved into the current perspective called ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  psychoanalysis
B)  cognitive psychology
C)  behavioral psychology
D)  social psychology

Question 5

Sally proposes the idea that one's sexual history prior to marriage may be linked to whether one ends up getting divorced.This best represents which step of the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

A)  testing the hypothesis
B)  observing events
C)  forming a hypothesis
D)  formulating a theory

Question 6

Critical thinking requires making judgments that are well reasoned and well thought out.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The first step in any scientific investigation is ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  forming the hypothesis
B)  perceiving the question
C)  coming to a conclusion
D)  developing an argument

Question 8

The degree of relationship between two or more variables is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  correlation
B)  validity
C)  reliability
D)  a hypothesis

Question 9

Who is most associated with the technique of introspection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Wundt
B)  James
C)  Watson
D)  Wertheimer

Question 10

The majority of psychologists are self employed or work for private not for profit agencies.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

A correlation coefficient shows that smoking and life expectancy are indeed related.As a result,a researcher could predict that ___________ if the direction of the relationship is known.

Accepted Answer

A)  if a person smokes a lot of cigarettes,he or she will have less money monthly to buy gas
B)  the person's life expectancy will go up or down based on the number of cigarettes the person smokes daily
C)  if a person smokes cigarettes,he or she will eventually develop lung cancer
D)  a person's lungs will repair themselves and he or she will live a longer life

Question 12

As part of an assignment,Bill's class was asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire on prejudice.Which research method was Bill's professor using?

Accepted Answer

A)  field experiment
B)  survey
C)  naturalistic observation
D)  laboratory experiment

Question 13

In an experiment,the "measurable aspect of the behavior of the subject" is called the __________ variable.

Accepted Answer

A)  dependent
B)  focal
C)  independent
D)  control

Question 14

"There is no life outside this solar system and nothing you can say will change that fact!" Which criterion of critical thinking does this person lack?

Accepted Answer

A)  Evidence is only necessary if it can be tested.
B)  All evidence is not equal in quality.
C)  Authority or expertise does not make the claims of the authority or expert true.
D)  Critical thinking requires an open mind.

Question 15

Which one of the following psychologists was responsible for originating the behavioral school of psychology?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pavlov
B)  Watson
C)  Skinner
D)  Rayner

Question 16

Which correlation coefficient is most likely to describe the relationship between brushing one's teeth and the number of cavities one gets?

Accepted Answer

A)  -.62
B)  .83
C)  -.08
D)  .45

Question 17

The first step in a psychological experiment is developing a method.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov discovered that ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  dogs would salivate to the sound of a bell due to habituation
B)  dogs would salivate to the sounds of a bell due to reflexology
C)  dogs would salivate to the sound of a bell due to a learned reflexive response called conditioning
D)  dogs would salivate to the sounds of a bell due to their fear response

Question 19

Expectations by the experimenter that might influence the results of an experiment or their interpretation are called __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  experimental blinds
B)  experimenter bias
C)  sample bias
D)  treatment bias

Question 20

Self-actualization was part of which of the following perspectives?

Accepted Answer

A)  behaviorism
B)  cognitive perspective
C)  functionalism
D)  humanism

Exam 1: The Science of Psychology

A correlation coefficient shows that smoking and life expectancy are indeed related.As a result,a researcher could predict that ___________ if the direction of the relationship is known.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which correlation coefficient is most likely to describe the relationship between brushing one's teeth and the number of cavities one gets?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The first step in a psychological experiment is developing a method.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The first step in any scientific investigation is ______________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Self-actualization was part of which of the following perspectives?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Who is most associated with the technique of introspection?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which one of the following psychologists was responsible for originating the behavioral school of psychology?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

"There is no life outside this solar system and nothing you can say will change that fact!" Which criterion of critical thinking does this person lack?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Expectations by the experimenter that might influence the results of an experiment or their interpretation are called __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The early perspective called Gestalt psychology has evolved into the current perspective called ____________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The degree of relationship between two or more variables is __________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Psychologists stopped relying on the method of analytic introspection as their primary research tool because:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following statements about research with animals is incorrect?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As part of an assignment,Bill's class was asked to complete an anonymous questionnaire on prejudice.Which research method was Bill's professor using?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The majority of psychologists are self employed or work for private not for profit agencies.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Critical thinking requires making judgments that are well reasoned and well thought out.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Sally proposes the idea that one's sexual history prior to marriage may be linked to whether one ends up getting divorced.This best represents which step of the scientific method?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Independent variable is to dependent variable as ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In an experiment,the "measurable aspect of the behavior of the subject" is called the __________ variable.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov discovered that ______________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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