Exam 31: Protostome Animals

A) Molting shown in the 500-million-year-old fossil arthropod supports the hypothesis that molting may have evolved only once.
B) The structure being shed is a cuticle.
C) The structure being shed is soft and easily pierced.
D) The new cuticle must expand and harden.
E) The process of molting is necessary for growth.

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A) Some are parasitic.
B) They possess a mouth but no anus.
C) They are diploblastic.
D) They possess some degree of cephalization.
E) Some possess complex life cycles.

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A) A head with complex sense organs
B) A chambered shell in at least one genus
C) A branched foot that bears tentacles and a siphon
D) A modified mantle that functions as a lung
E) Use of tentacles to capture and subdue prey

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A) incomplete metamorphosis.
B) fertilization.
C) dispersion.
D) ecdysis.
E) complete metamorphosis.

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A) escape predators.
B) exchange gases efficiently.
C) blend into their environments.
D) burrow efficiently through marine sediment or soil.
E) reproduce asexually.

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A) Their bodies are protected by variable numbers of overlapping calcareous plates.
B) They scrape algae, bryozoans, and other organisms from rocks with a radula.
C) They are gastropods.
D) They feed exclusively on other mollusks.
E) They move by means of an excurrent siphon.

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A) prevents the animal from dehydrating.
B) increases surface area for gas exchange.
C) increases the speed of movement.
D) provides a stored food supply.
E) increases the flexibility of movement.

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A) the appearance of the first land plants.
B) the extinction of the trilobites.
C) the extinction of dinosaurs.
D) changes in the CO₂ concentration of the atmosphere.
E) movement of vertebrates onto land.

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A) plans; the fossil record; monophyletic
B) cavities; gene sequencing; monophyletic
C) cavities; the fossil record; polyphyletic
D) plans; gene sequencing; monophyletic
E) cavities; gene sequencing; polyphyletic

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A) All annelids
B) Oligochaetes
C) Leeches
D) Polychaetes
E) Nematodes

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A) A pseudocoelom
B) A complete gut
C) Conspicuous feeding organs
D) Radial symmetry
E) Movement by beating cilia

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A) The webs can function as a home.
B) The threads are composed primarily of carbohydrates.
C) The threads are produced by modified abdominal appendages connected to internal secretory glands.
D) The webs function as a snare for catching prey.
E) The threads provide safety lines for climbing.

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A) Siphon, shell, and radula
B) Arms and burrowing foot
C) Tentacles and reproductive structures
D) Arms, tentacles, and mantle cavity
E) Siphon and shell

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A) A highly developed digestive system
B) A highly branched gastrovascular cavity
C) An organ system for oxygen transport
D) Absorption of nutrients through the body surface
E) Multiple pairs of appendages

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A) Modified mantle
B) Gills
C) Gas exchange across the cuticle
D) Tracheae
E) Modified legs

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A) spiracles.
B) a thin, permeable body wall.
C) gills.
D) lungs.
E) a lophophore.

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A) grasshoppers and crickets.
B) ants, bees, and wasps.
C) lice.
D) beetles.
E) thrips.

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