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There is an advantage to using equity rather than debt financing because dividend payments are tax deductible.

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If a parent company backs the debt of a foreign subsidiary, the borrowing capacity of the parent might be reduced as creditors are not willing to provide as many funds to the parent if those funds may possibly be needed to rescue a parent's subsidiary.

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Since the cost of funds can vary among markets, the MNC's access to the international capital markets may allow it to attract funds at a lower cost than that paid by domestic firms.

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Assume that the risk-free interest rate in the U.S. is the same as that in Country M. Assume that the government of Country M is more likely to rescue local firms that experience financial problems. Other things being equal, Country M's firms are likely to use a ____ degree of financial leverage than U.S. firms. If a firm based in Country M had the same degree of financial leverage and the same operating characteristics as a U.S. firm, its cost of capital would be ____ than that of the U.S. firm.


A) higher; higher
B) higher; lower
C) lower; lower
D) lower; higher

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Which of the following is not a host country characteristic than can affect an MNC's capital structure decision?


A) The strength of host country currencies
B) The country risk in host countries
C) Political decisions to increase penalties for criminals
D) Tax laws in host countries

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The term "global capital structure" is used in the text to represent the:


A) average capital structure of all MNCs across countries.
B) average capital structure of all domestic firms across countries.
C) capital structure of a subsidiary of a particular MNC.
D) capital structure of a particular MNC overall (including all subsidiaries) .

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Other things being equal, countries with relatively ____ populations and ____ inflation are more likely to have a low cost of capital.


A) young; high
B) old; high
C) old; low
D) young; low

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The capital asset pricing model suggests that the required return on a firm's stock is a negative function of:


A) the risk-free rate of interest.
B) the market rate of return.
C) the stock's beta.
D) none of the above

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Most MNCs obtain equity funding:


A) in foreign countries.
B) in their home country.
C) through global offerings.
D) through private placements.

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One argument for why subsidiaries should be only partly-owned by the parent is:


A) that the potential conflict of interests between the MNC's managers and shareholders is avoided.
B) that the potential conflict of interests between the MNC's majority shareholders and minority shareholders is avoided.
C) that the potential conflict of interests between the MNC's existing creditors is avoided.
D) to motivate subsidiary managers by allowing them partial ownership.

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An MNC's cost of capital may differ from that of domestic firms because of their access to international capital markets, their exposure to exchange rate risk, and other characteristics.

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In the United States, government rescues are not as common as in other countries. Assuming that this is expected to continue in the future, the risk premium on a given level of debt would be higher for U.S. firms than for firms of other countries, everything else being equal.

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Zoro Corporation has a beta of 2.0. The risk-free rate of interest is 5%, and the return on the stock market overall is expected to be 13%. What is the required rate of return on Zoro stock?


A) 21%.
B) 41%.
C) 16%.
D) 13%.
E) none of the above

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When MNCs pursue international projects that have a high potential for return, but also increase their risk, this increases the return to the bondholders that provided credit to the MNCs.

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The ____ the MNC's cost of capital, the ____ will be a project's net present value for its proposed project with a given set of expected cash flows.


A) lower; higher
B) higher; higher
C) lower; lower
D) none of the above

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Other things being equal, the financial leverage of MNCs will be higher if the governments of their home countries are ____ likely to rescue them (in the event of failure) , and if their home countries are ____ likely to experience a recession.


A) more; more
B) less; more
C) less; less
D) more; less

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Which of the following is least likely to influence an MNC's capital structure?


A) The stability of MNC's cash flows
B) The MNC's credit risk
C) The MNC's access to earnings
D) The MNC's decision to invest excess cash in a Treasury bill rather than in a bank

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Based on the CAPM, the ____ the beta of a project, the ____ the required rate of return on that project.


A) higher; higher
B) lower; higher
C) higher; lower
D) B and C
E) none of the above

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The term "local target capital structure" is used in the text to represent the:


A) average capital structure of local firms where the MNC's subsidiary is based.
B) average capital structure of local firms where the MNC's parent is based.
C) capital structure of a subsidiary of a particular MNC.
D) capital structure of a particular MNC overall (including all subsidiaries) .

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According to the text, MNCs can:


A) use only debt financing in foreign countries to support foreign subsidiaries.
B) use only equity financing in foreign countries to support foreign subsidiaries.
C) use only parent financing in foreign countries to support foreign subsidiaries.
D) none of the above

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