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Exam 4: Demanding Ethical and Socially Responsible Behavior

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Question 111

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A firm's net social contribution is a company report that measures the difference between its positive social contributions and its negative social impact.

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Question 112

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When managers disregard ethical concerns,the likely result is:

A) a reduction in employee turnover.
B) an improvement in overall manager morale.
C) a reduction in lawsuits.
D) a general mistrust between workers and management.

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Question 113

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Explain the difference between a compliance-based ethics code and an integrity-based ethics code.

Ethical behavior refers to the standards that are accepted by society as right or wrong.

In the Making Ethical Decisions box,"To Tube or Not to Tube?" about loading videos onto YouTube,the author makes the point that the dilemma facing all parties involved is legal,but not ethical. The box discusses the copyright violation that occurs when unauthorized individuals upload video streams from movies,TV shows,and even sporting events.The discussion centers around "who" is legally responsible - the individuals who are uploading the material or the website that is accepting the material? The real question is: Why do so many individuals continue to provide You Tube with copyrighted content when they know it is illegal to do so?

The green movement has turned the heads of very few firms.

The Making Ethical Decisions box titled,"To Tube or Not to Tube?" demonstrates how new technology can change the landscape,and people's perspectives on what is legal and what is ethical. YouTube is a relatively new concept.It permits individuals to upload user-generated content such as videos that individuals create on their own.Unfortunately,some persons illegally upload copyrighted material.The question becomes: Who is responsible and who should be held accountable for breaching the law? Is it the individual who loads the copyrighted material,or the website that accepts it;or,both?

Legal behavior is a first step toward ethical behavior. Ethical behavior requires more than following the law,but following the law is an important first step.

Last year the Bank of Plenty,Inc.made an all-out-effort to go paperless.The bank's public relations arm promoted the strategy both internally and externally.Customers were strongly encouraged to utilize the bank's online banking for all their banking needs.Customers could sign up for local workshops where employees were dedicated to showing them how to navigate the bank's new website and find the information they required.The bank's initiative demonstrates:

American businesses can legally demand socially responsible behavior from their international suppliers.

Cigarette producers refused to voluntarily place health warnings on their packages.In response,the federal government passed laws requiring health warnings on all cigarette packages.With respect to ethical behavior,this sequence of events is:

Many U.S.companies are demanding socially responsible behavior from their international suppliers.

The brewers of Budweiser beer encourage their customers to drink responsibly and "know when to say when." This reflects a compliance-based approach to ethics. A compliance-based approach focuses on avoiding criminal misconduct.It is an integrity-based code of ethics,on the other hand,that encourages social responsibility in the use of the firm's products.

Laws that protect us from fraud,theft and violence determine ethical behavior. Ethical behavior requires more than following the law,but following the law is an important first step.Legality is narrower.

When a firm undertakes corporate social initiatives it is:

The purpose of a(n) ________ is to evaluate an organization's progress towards implementing programs that are socially responsible and responsive.

To be effective,an organization's code of ethics needs to be communicated to outsiders such as suppliers,subcontractors,and customers. Often pressure to violate ethical standards comes from the outside.Communicating the organization's code of ethics to outsiders will help employees resist temptation.

To improve America's business ethics:

A corporate policy should never make a value statement about the environment or other social and political issues,because it is doubtful the company can live up to the proclamation. Corporate policies refer to the position a firm takes on social and political issues.As part of being socially responsible,firms make policy and commit to actively participating in activities that promote the welfare of society.

Promoting social justice is a responsibility of society,but not business.