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While writing business messages, one should find ways to avoid terms that unnecessarily focus on differences.

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Carlton finds that a geographic restructuring would have a positive effect on his insurance company and increase its efficiency. He draws up a report for the board of directors in which he mentions that separate departments should be set up for each of the company's 10 sales territories. Which of the following statements is most likely to increase the positivity of his proposition?


A) Let me know if you want to work on changing the structure of the company.
B) Using a geographic structure will not guarantee that the company's productivity increases.
C) Geographic restructuring is not likely to reduce the company's overall costs.
D) I look forward to putting together a detailed plan to restructure the company geographically.
E) A geographic structure might possibly have a positive effect on the company.

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Values of readers are likely to shift more often than their priorities.

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George, the marketing manager at Regal, believes that an employee should always act ethically and should also report instances of unethical behavior that he or she encounters. This belief held by George is an example of a(n)


A) fact.
B) conclusion.
C) position.
D) priority.
E) value.

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Which of the following is something an excellent business writer would do?


A) spend more time planning than drafting
B) decide on a message-centered approach
C) do the audience analysis during the drafting stage
D) do a last-minute review of his or her work
E) maintain an author-centered tone

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Use either/or logic to strengthen business positions.

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Jorge, the shipping manager at Durable Products, writes a memo proposing that that they stop using RoadHog Trucking Company and ship everything by L.B. Haines. The reason he gives is that two of the accounts that have been shipping by L.B. Haines during the last year increased their orders by more than 10%, so he is certain that switching trucking firms will cause other accounts to grow too. The executives of the company do not accept Jorge's suggestion. Why was his memo unconvincing?


A) slanting of facts
B) exaggeration
C) either/or logic
D) weak analogy
E) faulty cause/effect argument

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Describe the deductive approach of setting up business messages. Give a specific example.

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Most business arguments employ a direct ...

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Sending mixed signals is most likely to


A) result in positive meta messages.
B) increase the flexibility of encoding and decoding.
C) cause the reader to feel confused.
D) resolve the conflict between the content and tone of a message.
E) increase the credibility of a message.

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Lorraine, the HR manager at BGH Garden Pot Manufacturing, analyzes the problem of increasing employee turnover and concludes that upgrading the employee benefit programs would help control the situation. While preparing her report, Lorraine states that upgrading the company's employee benefit program would reduce employee turnover because a nearby large investment firm used the same strategy to solve a similar problem. However Lorraine's message failed to convince the decision makers at BGH. Which of the following is most likely to be the reason behind this failure?


A) slanting of facts
B) exaggeration
C) unsupported generalization
D) weak analogy
E) faulty cause/effect argument

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Typically, tone influences readers over the entire course of a message.

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What is slanting? Is it advisable to use it while writing business messages?

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Slanting means only presenting those fac...

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In a business message, the function of a call to action is to


A) summarize your message in a short, memorable away.
B) outline the organizational structure for the reader.
C) support the main message with evidence and opinions.
D) orient the message to the needs of the readers.
E) explicitly state what you want readers to do.

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A business message that primarily relies on the _____ shows that the message is self-centered.


A) you-voice
B) we-voice
C) I-voice
D) impersonal voice
E) other-oriented voice

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Extensive use of the I-voice in a business message


A) fails to indicate that the writer cares about the interest of the audience.
B) increases the positivity of the message.
C) reveals that the writer has slanted the facts.
D) emphasizes that the writer understands the concerns of the reader.
E) indicates that the writer uses faulty either/or logic.

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_____ involve ranking or assigning importance to things, such as projects, goals, and tasks.


A) Conclusions.
B) Positions.
C) Values.
D) Priorities.
E) Facts.

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Which of the following techniques is most likely to make business messages more positive?


A) exaggerating facts
B) setting unrealistic expectations
C) avoiding diplomatic words
D) using constructive terms
E) focusing on what a product lacks

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In all business messages, communicators should ideally aim at


A) effectively using either/or arguments.
B) slanting facts to their benefit.
C) projecting positivity.
D) appropriately exaggerating facts.
E) avoiding the other-oriented approach.

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Meta message is best defined as


A) the gist of the primary message that the subject line of a topic communicates.
B) the overall but often underlying message people take away from a communication.
C) the message that is unofficial and travels through the grapevine.
D) the message communicated using an asynchronous mode of communication.
E) the direct message in which the autonomous voice of the speaker is most prominent.

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What do the deductive approach and inductive approach to structuring business messages have in common?


A) In both, the call to action comes in the middle.
B) In both, the supporting ideas come last.
C) In both, the arrangement of supporting ideas is important.
D) In both, the primary message comes first.
E) In both, the call to action must be 15 words or less.

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