Question 1

What are the final products of aerobic catabolism?

Accepted Answer

A)   pyruvate and H2O.
B)   acetyl-CoA and CO2.
C)   CO2 and H2O.
D)   pyruvate and acetyl-CoA.
E)   ammonia and O2.

Question 2

What is the relationship between photoautotrophs and heterotrophic cells?

Accepted Answer

A)   Photoautotrophs use light energy for synthesis of organic molecules while heterotrophs metabolize organic substances for fuel and building blocks.
B)   photoautotrophs use organic compounds as a source of carbon while heterotrophs use CO2 as a source of carbon.
C)   Photoautotrophs synthesize CO2 while heterotrophs synthesize O2.
D)   Heterotrophs convert solar energy into chemical energy while photoautotrophs break down organic molecules.
E)   There is no relationship between the two. A

Question 3

What vitamin is needed for coagulation of blood and what must happen for it to be functional?

Accepted Answer

A)   vitamin D, a co-translational modification of serine.
B)   vitamin K, a posttranslational carboxylation of glutamate.
C)   vitamin K, a co-translational carboxylation of aspartate.
D)   vitamin D, a posttranslational glycosylation of serine.
E)   vitamin E, a posttranslational glycosylation of tyrosine.

Question 4

Dehydrogenases are enzymes that:

Accepted Answer

A)   move hydrogens within the molecule.
B)   add hydrogens across double bonds.
C)   transfer hydrogens between substrates.
D)   transfer hydride ions to NAD+ (or NADP+)  and release a proton.
E)   all are true.

Question 5

Pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP)  is involved in all EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)   aminotransferases (transaminases) .
B)   α- and β-decarboxylations.
C)   β- and γ-eliminations.
D)   racemizations.
E)   all of the above.

Question 6

Discuss an experiment that used heavy isotopes to elucidate a metabolic pathway.​

Accepted Answer

¹⁸O was used as a tracer of the fate of the oxygen atoms in water and carbon dioxide to determine whether the atmospheric oxygen produced in photosynthesis arose from H₂O, CO₂, or both: If ¹⁸O-labeled CO₂ was presented to a green plant carrying out photosynthesis, none of the ¹⁸O was found in O₂. Curiously, it was recovered as H₂¹⁸O. In contrast, when plants fixing CO₂ were equilibrated with H₂¹⁸O, ¹⁸O₂ was evolved. These latter labeling experiments established that photosynthesis is best described by the equation That is, in the process of photosynthesis, the two oxygen atoms in O₂ come from two H₂O molecules. One O is lost from CO₂ and appears in H₂O, and the other O of CO₂ is retained in the carbohydrate product. Two of the four H atoms are accounted for in (CH₂O), and two reduce the O lost from CO₂ to H₂O.

Question 7

The dehydrogenase enzymes facilitate the direct transfer of hydride anion. Which of the following coenzymes is required for this transfer?

Accepted Answer

A)   biotin
B)   folic acid
C)   lipoic acid
D)   TPP
E)   NAD+

Question 8

All are characteristics of metabolism EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)   a process which synthesizes either energy or complex cellular substances.
B)   a process of intermediates.
C)   the conversion of food energy into energy of motion.
D)   a free-flow unregulated process.
E)   a process responding to the momentary energy requirements of a cell.

Question 9

____ functions to couple acyl-group transfer and electron transfer during oxidation and decarboxylations of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)   biotin; propionate
B)   lipoate; propionate
C)   lipoate; α-keto acids
D)   TPP; α-keto acids
E)   TPP; acetyl-CoA

Question 10

All are characteristics of anabolism EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)   assembly of complex molecules.
B)   formation of new covalent bonds.
C)   ATP provides energy.
D)   NADPH is an electron donor.
E)   all are true.

Question 11

For the following reaction, what coenzyme is missing from the reactants? 2 B)  NAD+ C)  acetyl CoA D)  NADH E)  NADPH " class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" >

Accepted Answer

A)   FADH2
B)   NAD+
C)   acetyl CoA
D)   NADH
E)   NADPH

Question 12

Thioesters have higher ____ than that of oxygen esters.

Accepted Answer

A)   mobility
B)   electronegativity
C)   resonance
D)   positive ΔG
E)   group transfer potential

Question 13

The enzymes of glycolysis and those of the citric acid cycle are found in which cellular compartments in muscle cells?

Accepted Answer

A)   both in the cytoplasm
B)   glycolysis in cytoplasm and citric acid cycle in mitochondria
C)   both in mitochondria
D)   glycolysis in cytoplasm and citric acid cycle in lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum
E)   both in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum

Question 14

Energy is generally extracted from phototrophs and chemotrophs by:

Accepted Answer

A)   hydrolysis reactions.
B)   condensation-cleavage reactions.
C)   oxidative-reduction reactions.
D)   acid-base reactions.
E)   phosphorylation reactions.

Question 15

Likely the most ancient of the metabolic pathways in which energy is released from glucose and captured in the form of ATP under anaerobic conditions is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   photooxidation.
B)   oxidative phosphorylation.
C)   citric acid cycle.
D)   glycolysis.
E)   none of the above.

Question 16

All of the following are examples of energy transduction EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)   dehydrogenase catalyzed reactions
B)   isomerase reactions
C)   oxidative phosphorylation
D)   NAD+- NADH shuttle
E)   all of the above are correct

Question 17

Some species can adapt to anaerobic conditions by substituting other electron acceptors for oxygen in their energy-producing pathways and are called:

Accepted Answer

A)   aerobes.
B)   obligate aerobes.
C)   facultative anaerobes.
D)   obligate anaerobes.
E)   none of the above.

Question 18

The definition of an amphibolic pathway is:

Accepted Answer

A)   a pathway found in animals living in both land and water.
B)   a pathway that is carried out both in water and organic solvents.
C)   a pathway found on both sides of the mitochondrial membrane.
D)   a pathway that is both anabolic and catabolic in nature.
E)   all of the above. D

Question 19

Excess carbohydrate and fat in the human diet is stored as triacylglycerols. The risk of which of the following would be increased in an individual who consistently consumes too much fat and carbohydrate?

Accepted Answer

A)   atherosclerosis
B)   heart disease
C)   colon cancer
D)   breast cancer
E)   all of the above

Question 20

______ is often used in carboxylation reactions while ____ is often used in decarboxylation reactions.

Accepted Answer

A)   thiamine pyrophosphate; lipoate
B)   lipoate; biotin
C)   biotin; thiamine pyrophosphate
D)   pyridoxal-5-phosphate; biotin
E)   lipoate; pyridoxal-5-phosphate

Exam 17: Metabolism: an Overview

What are the final products of aerobic catabolism?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the relationship between photoautotrophs and heterotrophic cells?

Correct Answer
verified
A

What vitamin is needed for coagulation of blood and what must happen for it to be functional?

Correct Answer
verified

Dehydrogenases are enzymes that:

Correct Answer
verified

Pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP) is involved in all EXCEPT:

Correct Answer
verified

Discuss an experiment that used heavy isotopes to elucidate a metabolic pathway.

The dehydrogenase enzymes facilitate the direct transfer of hydride anion. Which of the following coenzymes is required for this transfer?

Correct Answer
verified

All are characteristics of metabolism EXCEPT:

Correct Answer
verified

functions to couple acyl-group transfer and electron transfer during oxidation and decarboxylations of .

Correct Answer
verified

All are characteristics of anabolism EXCEPT:

Correct Answer
verified

For the following reaction, what coenzyme is missing from the reactants?

Correct Answer
verified

Thioesters have higher ____ than that of oxygen esters.

Correct Answer
verified

The enzymes of glycolysis and those of the citric acid cycle are found in which cellular compartments in muscle cells?

Correct Answer
verified

Energy is generally extracted from phototrophs and chemotrophs by:

Correct Answer
verified

Likely the most ancient of the metabolic pathways in which energy is released from glucose and captured in the form of ATP under anaerobic conditions is called:

Correct Answer
verified

All of the following are examples of energy transduction EXCEPT:

Correct Answer
verified

Some species can adapt to anaerobic conditions by substituting other electron acceptors for oxygen in their energy-producing pathways and are called:

Correct Answer
verified

The definition of an amphibolic pathway is:

Correct Answer
verified
D

Excess carbohydrate and fat in the human diet is stored as triacylglycerols. The risk of which of the following would be increased in an individual who consistently consumes too much fat and carbohydrate?

Correct Answer
verified

__ is often used in carboxylation reactions while is often used in decarboxylation reactions.

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 17: Metabolism: an Overview

What are the final products of aerobic catabolism?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the relationship between photoautotrophs and heterotrophic cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedA

What vitamin is needed for coagulation of blood and what must happen for it to be functional?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Dehydrogenases are enzymes that:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Pyridoxal-5-phosphate (PLP) is involved in all EXCEPT:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Discuss an experiment that used heavy isotopes to elucidate a metabolic pathway.​

The dehydrogenase enzymes facilitate the direct transfer of hydride anion. Which of the following coenzymes is required for this transfer?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All are characteristics of metabolism EXCEPT:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

____ functions to couple acyl-group transfer and electron transfer during oxidation and decarboxylations of ____.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All are characteristics of anabolism EXCEPT:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For the following reaction, what coenzyme is missing from the reactants?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Thioesters have higher ____ than that of oxygen esters.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The enzymes of glycolysis and those of the citric acid cycle are found in which cellular compartments in muscle cells?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Energy is generally extracted from phototrophs and chemotrophs by:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Likely the most ancient of the metabolic pathways in which energy is released from glucose and captured in the form of ATP under anaerobic conditions is called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

All of the following are examples of energy transduction EXCEPT:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some species can adapt to anaerobic conditions by substituting other electron acceptors for oxygen in their energy-producing pathways and are called:

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The definition of an amphibolic pathway is:

Correct AnswerverifiedD

Excess carbohydrate and fat in the human diet is stored as triacylglycerols. The risk of which of the following would be increased in an individual who consistently consumes too much fat and carbohydrate?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

______ is often used in carboxylation reactions while ____ is often used in decarboxylation reactions.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
A

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Discuss an experiment that used heavy isotopes to elucidate a metabolic pathway.

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

functions to couple acyl-group transfer and electron transfer during oxidation and decarboxylations of .

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
D

Correct Answer
verified

__ is often used in carboxylation reactions while is often used in decarboxylation reactions.

Correct Answer
verified