Question 1

What are the signs of F1F1F1S1F1F1F10H F1F1F1S1F1F1F10, F1F1F1S1F1F1F10S F1F1F1S1F1F1F10, and F1F1F1S1F1F1F10G F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 for the conversion of liquid water to ice at 10F1F1F1S1F1F1F10C and 1 atm? Briefly explain each answer.

Accepted Answer

H  is ne...

Question 2

What is the difference between G and G?

Accepted Answer

A)  (G refers to the formation of a compound from its elements; G can be defined for any reaction.) 
B)  (G refers to the formation of a pure compound; G can be defined for an impure compound.) 
C)  (G refers to a reaction that goes to completion; G is defined for a reaction that goes to any extent.) 
D)  (G refers to the conversion of reactants in their standard state to products in their standard state; G is defined for a reaction under any conditions.) 
E)  (G refers to reactions of one mole quantities of reactants; G is defined for any quantity of reactants.)

Question 3

The standard entropy of diamond is 2.4 J/mol F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 K. Calculate the entropy per carbon atom in diamond and the number of microstates for each atom. Discuss the number of microstates in terms of the molecular motions accessible to each carbon atom.

Accepted Answer

S_atom  2.4 J/mol F1...

Question 4

An oxygen molecule can have several different modes of motions. One type of motion is ________

Accepted Answer

A)  kinetic energy.
B)  potential energy.
C)  vibrational.
D)  elastic.
E)  Boltzmann.

Question 5

When a molecule of ethylenediamine replaces two molecules of NH3 in Co(NH3)  3 in Co(NH3)      , the entropy of the system ________ A) increases. B) decreases. C) remains the same. D) cannot be determined. E) is irrelevant." class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" >   , the entropy of the system ________

Accepted Answer

A)  increases.
B)  decreases.
C)  remains the same.
D)  cannot be determined.
E)  is irrelevant.

Question 6

Given the following data, determine the molar free energy of combustion for propane gas, C3H8. 3H8.   (C3H8, g) 23.5 kJ/mol   (CO2, g) 394.4 kJ/mol   (H2O, g) 105.6 kJ/mol A) (1,629.1 kJ/mol)  B) (1,582.1 kJ/mol)  C) (476.5 kJ/mol)  D) (476.5 kJ/mol)  E) (1,582.1 kJ/mol) " class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > (C3H8, g) 23.5 kJ/mol 3H8.   (C3H8, g) 23.5 kJ/mol   (CO2, g) 394.4 kJ/mol   (H2O, g) 105.6 kJ/mol A) (1,629.1 kJ/mol)  B) (1,582.1 kJ/mol)  C) (476.5 kJ/mol)  D) (476.5 kJ/mol)  E) (1,582.1 kJ/mol) " class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > (CO2, g) 394.4 kJ/mol 3H8.   (C3H8, g) 23.5 kJ/mol   (CO2, g) 394.4 kJ/mol   (H2O, g) 105.6 kJ/mol A) (1,629.1 kJ/mol)  B) (1,582.1 kJ/mol)  C) (476.5 kJ/mol)  D) (476.5 kJ/mol)  E) (1,582.1 kJ/mol) " class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > (H2O, g) 105.6 kJ/mol

Accepted Answer

A)  (1,629.1 kJ/mol) 
B)  (1,582.1 kJ/mol) 
C)  (476.5 kJ/mol) 
D)  (476.5 kJ/mol) 
E)  (1,582.1 kJ/mol)

Question 7

A qualitative interpretation of the effect of temperature on equilibrium views heat as a reactant or product and explains shifts in equilibrium with temperature as responses to stress to the equilibrium. How does van 't Hoff's equation refine this view?

Accepted Answer

A)  It incorporates the heat into a RICE table calculation.
B)  It accounts for the shift in terms of the temperature dependence of K.
C)  It uses stoichiometry to interpret heat quantitatively as a reactant or product.
D)  It uses a statistical-mechanical interpretation of heat.
E)  It enables Q to be calculated from H  and S .

Question 8

Indicate which one of the following reactions most certainly does not result in a decrease in entropy.

Accepted Answer

A)     
B)    )   
C)     
D)     
E)

Question 9

At constant T and P, any reaction will be spontaneous if ________

Accepted Answer

A)  (Gsys  0.) 
B)  (Gsys  0.) 
C)  (Ssys  0.) 
D)  (Ssys  0.) 
E)  (Hsys  0.)

Question 10

Rank the following compounds from smallest to largest standard molar entropy (SF1F1F1S1F1F1F10).
CH4(g), CH3CH2OH(l ), CO2(s), Na(s), NH3(l )

Accepted Answer

Na(s)  CO₂(s) F...

Question 11

In an experiment, 1.00 atm of N2(g) in a 10.0 L container at 25F1F1F1S1F1F1F10C was reacted under standard state conditions with a stoichiometric quantity of H2(g) to form ammonia:  .
What is the entropy change for the reaction?

Accepted Answer

<font face="symbol">F...

Question 12

For a chemical reaction that is not spontaneous, it is found that Ssys  0. Which of the following could not be true?

Accepted Answer

A)  (Ssurr  0 and its magnitude is less than Ssys.) 
B)  (Ssurr  0 and its magnitude is less than Ssys.) 
C)  (Ssurr  0 and its magnitude is greater than Ssys.) 
D)  (Ssurr  0 and its magnitude is greater than Ssys.) 
E)  (Suniv  0)

Question 13

As the temperature of an endothermic reaction is increased, the equilibrium constant ________

Accepted Answer

A)  always increases.
B)  always decreases.
C)  always stays the same.
D)  only increases when S  0.
E)  only increases when S  0.

Question 14

Processes are always spontaneous when ________ (H and S refer to the system) .

Accepted Answer

A)  (H  0 and S  0) 
B)  (H  0 and S  0) 
C)  (H  0 and S  0) 
D)  (H  0 and S  0) 
E)  None of these is true, because temperature must always be taken into account.

Question 15

Ssys can be directly related to the heat, q. Which of statements A-D is not true regarding this relationship?

Accepted Answer

A)  (Ssys can always be determined from the heat transferred during the actual process.) 
B)  For a reversible spontaneous endothermic process, both q and Ssys will be positive.
C)  The more heat that is transferred, the larger the magnitude of the entropy change.
D)  The higher the temperature at which heat is transferred, the lower the entropy change.
E)  All of the above are true.

Question 16

The equilibrium constant for a reaction is determined at several temperatures by measuring concentrations of reactants and products. To determine the standard enthalpy and entropy changes for the reactions, you need to plot ________ on the y-axis and ________ on the x-axis and fit the data to a linear equation. The slope of this line is equal to ________, and the intercept provides a value for ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  K; T; H /R; S /i
B)  ln(K) ; 1/T; H ; S 
C)  ln(K) ; 1/T; H /R; S /R
D)  ln(K) ; 1/T; S /R; H /R
E)  ln(K) ; 1/T; H /R; S /R

Question 17

Suppose G  is 25.0 kJ/mol for a hypothetical reaction in which A converts into B. Under the reaction conditions, the free-energy change is larger, G  30.0 kJ/mol. Which of the following statements describes this mixture of A and B?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only A is present.
B)  Only B is present.
C)  A and B have equal concentrations.
D)  A is being converted into more B.
E)  B is being converted back into A.

Question 18

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to form sodium chloride (NaCl) and water. If F1F1F1S1F1F1F10H F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 F1F1F1S1F1F1F1056.13 kJ/mol and F1F1F1S1F1F1F10S F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 79.11 J/mol F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 K, what is the temperature (in F1F1F1S1F1F1F10C) of the reaction if F1F1F1S1F1F1F10G F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 F1F1F1S1F1F1F10 F1F1F1S1F1F1F1080.89 kJ/mol?

Accepted Answer

40.0F1F1F1...

Question 19

Hydrochloric acid (HCl)  reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH)  to form sodium chloride (NaCl)  and water. If H   56.13 kJ/mol and S   79.11 J/mol  K, what is G  for this reaction at 20C?

Accepted Answer

A)  (79.31 kJ/mol) 
B)  (77.73 kJ/mol) 
C)  (2.324  104 kJ/mol) 
D)  79.31 kJ/mol
E)  (1,638 kJ/mol)

Question 20

Suppose G is -2.0 kJ/mol for a hypothetical reaction in which A converts into B. Which of the following statements describes an equilibrium mixture of A and B?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only A is present.
B)  Only B is present.
C)  A and B have equal concentrations.
D)  A has a higher concentration than B.
E)  B has a higher concentration than A.

Exam 17: Thermodynamics: Spontaneous and Nonspontaneous Reactions and Processes

At constant T and P, any reaction will be spontaneous if ________

Correct Answer
verified

A qualitative interpretation of the effect of temperature on equilibrium views heat as a reactant or product and explains shifts in equilibrium with temperature as responses to stress to the equilibrium. How does van 't Hoff's equation refine this view?

Correct Answer
verified

Suppose G  is 25.0 kJ/mol for a hypothetical reaction in which A converts into B. Under the reaction conditions, the free-energy change is larger, G  30.0 kJ/mol. Which of the following statements describes this mixture of A and B?

Correct Answer
verified

Given the following data, determine the molar free energy of combustion for propane gas, C₃H₈. (C₃H₈, g) 23.5 kJ/mol (CO₂, g) 394.4 kJ/mol (H₂O, g) 105.6 kJ/mol

Correct Answer
verified

When a molecule of ethylenediamine replaces two molecules of NH₃ in Co(NH₃) , the entropy of the system ________

Correct Answer
verified

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to form sodium chloride (NaCl) and water. If H   56.13 kJ/mol and S   79.11 J/mol  K, what is G  for this reaction at 20C?

Correct Answer
verified

For a chemical reaction that is not spontaneous, it is found that S_sys  0. Which of the following could not be true?

Correct Answer
verified

An oxygen molecule can have several different modes of motions. One type of motion is ________

Correct Answer
verified

In an experiment, 1.00 atm of N₂(g) in a 10.0 L container at 25C was reacted under standard state conditions with a stoichiometric quantity of H₂(g) to form ammonia: . What is the entropy change for the reaction?

Correct Answer
verified
F...
View Answer

What are the signs of H , S , and G  for the conversion of liquid water to ice at 10C and 1 atm? Briefly explain each answer.

Correct Answer
verified
H  is ne...
View Answer

As the temperature of an endothermic reaction is increased, the equilibrium constant ________

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to form sodium chloride (NaCl) and water. If H   56.13 kJ/mol and S   79.11 J/mol  K, what is the temperature (in C) of the reaction if G   80.89 kJ/mol?

Correct Answer
verified
40.0F1F1F1...
View Answer

Indicate which one of the following reactions most certainly does not result in a decrease in entropy.

Correct Answer
verified

Processes are always spontaneous when ________ (H and S refer to the system) .

Correct Answer
verified

What is the difference between G and G?

Correct Answer
verified

S_sys can be directly related to the heat, q. Which of statements A-D is not true regarding this relationship?

Correct Answer
verified

Suppose G is -2.0 kJ/mol for a hypothetical reaction in which A converts into B. Which of the following statements describes an equilibrium mixture of A and B?

Correct Answer
verified

The standard entropy of diamond is 2.4 J/mol  K. Calculate the entropy per carbon atom in diamond and the number of microstates for each atom. Discuss the number of microstates in terms of the molecular motions accessible to each carbon atom.

Correct Answer
verified
S_atom  2.4 J/mol F1...
View Answer

Rank the following compounds from smallest to largest standard molar entropy (S). CH₄(g), CH₃CH₂OH(l ), CO₂(s), Na(s), NH₃(l )

Correct Answer
verified
Na(s)  CO₂(s) F...
View Answer

Exam 17: Thermodynamics: Spontaneous and Nonspontaneous Reactions and Processes

At constant T and P, any reaction will be spontaneous if ________

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A qualitative interpretation of the effect of temperature on equilibrium views heat as a reactant or product and explains shifts in equilibrium with temperature as responses to stress to the equilibrium. How does van 't Hoff's equation refine this view?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Suppose G  is 25.0 kJ/mol for a hypothetical reaction in which A converts into B. Under the reaction conditions, the free-energy change is larger, G  30.0 kJ/mol. Which of the following statements describes this mixture of A and B?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Given the following data, determine the molar free energy of combustion for propane gas, C3H8. (C3H8, g) 23.5 kJ/mol (CO2, g) 394.4 kJ/mol (H2O, g) 105.6 kJ/mol

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When a molecule of ethylenediamine replaces two molecules of NH3 in Co(NH3) , the entropy of the system ________

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to form sodium chloride (NaCl) and water. If H   56.13 kJ/mol and S   79.11 J/mol  K, what is G  for this reaction at 20C?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For a chemical reaction that is not spontaneous, it is found that Ssys  0. Which of the following could not be true?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

An oxygen molecule can have several different modes of motions. One type of motion is ________

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In an experiment, 1.00 atm of N2(g) in a 10.0 L container at 25C was reacted under standard state conditions with a stoichiometric quantity of H2(g) to form ammonia: . What is the entropy change for the reaction?

Correct AnswerverifiedF...View AnswerShow Answer

What are the signs of H , S , and G  for the conversion of liquid water to ice at 10C and 1 atm? Briefly explain each answer.

Correct AnswerverifiedH  is ne...View AnswerShow Answer

As the temperature of an endothermic reaction is increased, the equilibrium constant ________

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to form sodium chloride (NaCl) and water. If H   56.13 kJ/mol and S   79.11 J/mol  K, what is the temperature (in C) of the reaction if G   80.89 kJ/mol?

Correct Answerverified40.0F1F1F1...View AnswerShow Answer

Indicate which one of the following reactions most certainly does not result in a decrease in entropy.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Processes are always spontaneous when ________ (H and S refer to the system) .

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the difference between G and G?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Ssys can be directly related to the heat, q. Which of statements A-D is not true regarding this relationship?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Suppose G is -2.0 kJ/mol for a hypothetical reaction in which A converts into B. Which of the following statements describes an equilibrium mixture of A and B?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The standard entropy of diamond is 2.4 J/mol  K. Calculate the entropy per carbon atom in diamond and the number of microstates for each atom. Discuss the number of microstates in terms of the molecular motions accessible to each carbon atom.

Correct AnswerverifiedSatom  2.4 J/mol F1...View AnswerShow Answer

Rank the following compounds from smallest to largest standard molar entropy (S). CH4(g), CH3CH2OH(l ), CO2(s), Na(s), NH3(l )

Correct AnswerverifiedNa(s)  CO2(s) F...View AnswerShow Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Given the following data, determine the molar free energy of combustion for propane gas, C₃H₈. (C₃H₈, g) 23.5 kJ/mol (CO₂, g) 394.4 kJ/mol (H₂O, g) 105.6 kJ/mol

Correct Answer
verified

When a molecule of ethylenediamine replaces two molecules of NH₃ in Co(NH₃) , the entropy of the system ________

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

For a chemical reaction that is not spontaneous, it is found that S_sys  0. Which of the following could not be true?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

In an experiment, 1.00 atm of N₂(g) in a 10.0 L container at 25C was reacted under standard state conditions with a stoichiometric quantity of H₂(g) to form ammonia: . What is the entropy change for the reaction?

Correct Answer
verified
F...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified
H  is ne...
View Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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40.0F1F1F1...
View Answer

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
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S_sys can be directly related to the heat, q. Which of statements A-D is not true regarding this relationship?

Correct Answer
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Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
S_atom  2.4 J/mol F1...
View Answer

Rank the following compounds from smallest to largest standard molar entropy (S). CH₄(g), CH₃CH₂OH(l ), CO₂(s), Na(s), NH₃(l )

Correct Answer
verified
Na(s)  CO₂(s) F...
View Answer