Question 1

The gas above the liquid in a sealed bottle of soda is primarily carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is also dissolved in the soda. When the distribution of carbon dioxide between the gas and liquid is at equilibrium, molecules of carbon dioxide in the gas phase can still dissolve in the liquid phase if they strike the surface and are captured. Similarly, molecules of carbon dioxide can escape from the liquid phase. What is the entropy change of the universe, Suni v, for the dissolution of carbon dioxide under these conditions?

Accepted Answer

A)  (Suniv  0, because the dissolved carbon dioxide has fewer accessible states.) 
B)  (Suniv  0, because the dissolved carbon dioxide has fewer accessible states.) 
C)  (Suniv  0, because this is an equilibrium situation.) 
D)  (Suniv  0, because the gas dissolves spontaneously.) 
E)  (Suniv  0, because the gas dissolves spontaneously.)

Question 2

Determine the change in the standard entropy of the universe for the given reaction from the given data.

Accepted Answer

<font face="symbol">F...

Question 3

The following figures represent distributions of two types of gas molecules between two containers connected by an open tube. In which figure is the entropy of the system maximized?

Accepted Answer

A)   
B)   
C)   
D)

Question 4

What type of motion is depicted in the following before-and-after pictures?

Accepted Answer

A)  rotational
B)  translational
C)  vibrational
D)  Brownian
E)  all of the above

Question 5

In a spontaneous process, the entropy of the universe ________

Accepted Answer

A)  always increases.
B)  always decreases.
C)  does not change.
D)  may decrease if the entropy of the system decreases sufficiently.
E)  may decrease if the entropy of the system increases sufficiently.

Question 6

The equilibrium vapor pressure for benzene is 94.4 mm Hg. When liquid benzene is in equilibrium with its vapor, we must have ________

Accepted Answer

A)  (G  0 and G  0.) 
B)  (G  0 and G  0.) 
C)  (G  0 and G  0.) 
D)  (G  0 and G  0.) 
E)  (G  0 and G  0.)

Question 7

A sealed tube containing an equilibrium mixture of NO2(g)  (brown)  and N2O4(g)  (colorless)  is subjected to a variety of temperatures. For the equilibrium reaction shown, the values of the 2(g)  (brown)  and N2O4(g)  (colorless)  is subjected to a variety of temperatures. For the equilibrium reaction shown, the values of the   and   are also shown. What is observed in the tube with increasing temperature?       H  58.02 kJ/mol, S176.5 J/mol  K A) At higher temperatures, the gas in the tube has a darker brown color. B) At higher temperatures, the gas in the tube has a lighter brown color. C) At higher temperatures, the gas in the tube is colorless. D) The color does not change with temperature. E) At higher temperatures, the gas turns green." class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > and 2(g)  (brown)  and N2O4(g)  (colorless)  is subjected to a variety of temperatures. For the equilibrium reaction shown, the values of the   and   are also shown. What is observed in the tube with increasing temperature?       H  58.02 kJ/mol, S176.5 J/mol  K A) At higher temperatures, the gas in the tube has a darker brown color. B) At higher temperatures, the gas in the tube has a lighter brown color. C) At higher temperatures, the gas in the tube is colorless. D) The color does not change with temperature. E) At higher temperatures, the gas turns green." class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > are also shown. What is observed in the tube with increasing temperature? 2(g)  (brown)  and N2O4(g)  (colorless)  is subjected to a variety of temperatures. For the equilibrium reaction shown, the values of the   and   are also shown. What is observed in the tube with increasing temperature?       H  58.02 kJ/mol, S176.5 J/mol  K A) At higher temperatures, the gas in the tube has a darker brown color. B) At higher temperatures, the gas in the tube has a lighter brown color. C) At higher temperatures, the gas in the tube is colorless. D) The color does not change with temperature. E) At higher temperatures, the gas turns green." class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > 2(g)  (brown)  and N2O4(g)  (colorless)  is subjected to a variety of temperatures. For the equilibrium reaction shown, the values of the   and   are also shown. What is observed in the tube with increasing temperature?       H  58.02 kJ/mol, S176.5 J/mol  K A) At higher temperatures, the gas in the tube has a darker brown color. B) At higher temperatures, the gas in the tube has a lighter brown color. C) At higher temperatures, the gas in the tube is colorless. D) The color does not change with temperature. E) At higher temperatures, the gas turns green." class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > 2(g)  (brown)  and N2O4(g)  (colorless)  is subjected to a variety of temperatures. For the equilibrium reaction shown, the values of the   and   are also shown. What is observed in the tube with increasing temperature?       H  58.02 kJ/mol, S176.5 J/mol  K A) At higher temperatures, the gas in the tube has a darker brown color. B) At higher temperatures, the gas in the tube has a lighter brown color. C) At higher temperatures, the gas in the tube is colorless. D) The color does not change with temperature. E) At higher temperatures, the gas turns green." class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > H  58.02 kJ/mol, S176.5 J/mol  K

Accepted Answer

A)  At higher temperatures, the gas in the tube has a darker brown color.
B)  At higher temperatures, the gas in the tube has a lighter brown color.
C)  At higher temperatures, the gas in the tube is colorless.
D)  The color does not change with temperature.
E)  At higher temperatures, the gas turns green.

Question 8

What is the maximum amount of work that can be done by the reaction 50.8 kJ/mol)  B) (751 kJ/mol)  C) (113 kJ/mol)  D) (115 kJ/mol)  E) (807 kJ/mol) " class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > 50.8 kJ/mol)  B) (751 kJ/mol)  C) (113 kJ/mol)  D) (115 kJ/mol)  E) (807 kJ/mol) " class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > 50.8 kJ/mol)  B) (751 kJ/mol)  C) (113 kJ/mol)  D) (115 kJ/mol)  E) (807 kJ/mol) " class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > 50.8 kJ/mol)  B) (751 kJ/mol)  C) (113 kJ/mol)  D) (115 kJ/mol)  E) (807 kJ/mol) " class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" >

Accepted Answer

A)  (50.8 kJ/mol) 
B)  (751 kJ/mol) 
C)  (113 kJ/mol) 
D)  (115 kJ/mol) 
E)  (807 kJ/mol)

Question 9

As the temperature of a reaction with S  0 is increased, the equilibrium constant ________

Accepted Answer

A)  always increases.
B)  always decreases.
C)  always stays the same.
D)  only increases when H   0.
E)  only increases when H   0.

Question 10

If 3.500 g of Ni are reacted with excess oxygen to form nickel oxide (NiO)  under standard state conditions, what is the entropy change for the reaction? 49.3 J/K)  B) (24.7 J/K)  C) (14.7 J/K)  D) (49.3 J/K)  E) (10.4 J/K) " class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > 49.3 J/K)  B) (24.7 J/K)  C) (14.7 J/K)  D) (49.3 J/K)  E) (10.4 J/K) " class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > 49.3 J/K)  B) (24.7 J/K)  C) (14.7 J/K)  D) (49.3 J/K)  E) (10.4 J/K) " class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > 49.3 J/K)  B) (24.7 J/K)  C) (14.7 J/K)  D) (49.3 J/K)  E) (10.4 J/K) " class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" >

Accepted Answer

A)  (49.3 J/K) 
B)  (24.7 J/K) 
C)  (14.7 J/K) 
D)  (49.3 J/K) 
E)  (10.4 J/K)

Question 11

The entropy change in the surroundings (Ssurr)  during a spontaneous process must be ________

Accepted Answer

A)  greater than zero.
B)  less than zero.
C)  equal to zero.
D)  greater than or equal to zero.
E)  greater than, less than, or equal to zero.

Question 12

NO gas is converted to NO2 gas according to the following reaction: 2 gas according to the following reaction:   What is the standard entropy change when 0.5 mol of NO gas reacts with 0.5 mol of O2 gas?   A) (36.6 J/K)  B) (175.7 J/K)  C) (83.4 J/K)  D) (83.4 J/K)  E) (36.6 J/K) " class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > What is the standard entropy change when 0.5 mol of NO gas reacts with 0.5 mol of O2 gas? 2 gas according to the following reaction:   What is the standard entropy change when 0.5 mol of NO gas reacts with 0.5 mol of O2 gas?   A) (36.6 J/K)  B) (175.7 J/K)  C) (83.4 J/K)  D) (83.4 J/K)  E) (36.6 J/K) " class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" >

Accepted Answer

A)  (36.6 J/K) 
B)  (175.7 J/K) 
C)  (83.4 J/K) 
D)  (83.4 J/K) 
E)  (36.6 J/K)

Question 13

Heat transfer from the system to the surroundings has a large effect on Ssurr ________

Accepted Answer

A)  when the temperature of the surroundings is low.
B)  when the temperature of the surroundings is high.
C)  when the temperature of the system is low.
D)  when the temperature of the system is high.
E)  at any temperature, because the amount of heat transferred is independent of temperature.

Question 14

Benzene is a liquid under standard conditions. The standard free-energy change for the evaporation of liquid benzene to form benzene vapor is 5.2 kJ/mol. If liquid benzene is placed in an open container under standard conditions, ________

Accepted Answer

A)  it will not evaporate.
B)  it will partially evaporate with the equilibrium vapor pressure being less than 1 bar.
C)  it will partially evaporate with the equilibrium vapor pressure being equal to 1 bar.
D)  it will partially evaporate with the equilibrium vapor pressure being greater than 1 bar.
E)  it will completely evaporate.

Question 15

Carbon monoxide has a very weak dipole moment. In the formation of solid carbon monoxide some molecules will be reversed in their orientation from
C  O - - - C  O to C  O - - - O  C. What do you expect the absolute entropy of carbon monoxide solid to be at 0 K, and why?

Accepted Answer

The absolute entropy of carbon monoxide ...

Question 16

For a particular hypothetical reaction, G is 250 kJ/mol. What is the value of G for this reaction at 298 K when [A]  0.60 M, [B]  0.10 M, and [C]  4.0  103 M ? A) 248 kJ/mol B) 245 kJ/mol C) 2,775 kJ/mol D) 250 kJ/mol E) 255 kJ/mol" class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > , the value of G is 250 kJ/mol. What is the value of G for this reaction at 298 K when [A]  0.60 M, [B]  0.10 M, and [C]  4.0  103 M ?

Accepted Answer

A)  248 kJ/mol
B)  245 kJ/mol
C)  2,775 kJ/mol
D)  250 kJ/mol
E)  255 kJ/mol

Question 17

If 1 mol of ice melts at its melting point of 273 K, the entropy change for the ice is 22.0 J/K. If the ice melts in someone's hand at 34C, what is the change in the entropy of the universe? Assume a final temperature for the water of 0C. The enthalpy of fusion for ice is 6.01 kJ/mol.

Accepted Answer

A)  (19.6 J/K) 
B)  (19.6 J/K) 
C)  (2.4 J/K) 
D)  (2.4 J/K) 
E)  (41.5 J/K)

Question 18

A perturbation or stress to a chemical reaction at equilibrium ________

Accepted Answer

A)  increases the free energy of the system.
B)  decreases the free energy of the system.
C)  neither increases nor decreases the free energy of the system.
D)  may increase or decrease the free energy of the system, depending on the nature of the stress.
E)  causes the free energy of the system to become zero.

Question 19

The standard entropy of nitrogen gas in air is 192 J/(mol  K) . Estimate how many states are accessible to a nitrogen molecule in air.

Accepted Answer

A)  3.1  1016
B)  1.0  107
C)  6.0  1023
D)  1.0  1010
E)  1.2  1023

Question 20

The symbol     (MgSO4, s)  refers to which of the following reactions? A)    B)    C)    D)    E)   " class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" > (MgSO4, s)  refers to which of the following reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)      (MgSO4, s)  refers to which of the following reactions? 
A)     
B)     
C)     
D)     
E)    " class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" >
B)      (MgSO4, s)  refers to which of the following reactions? 
A)     
B)     
C)     
D)     
E)    " class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" >
C)      (MgSO4, s)  refers to which of the following reactions? 
A)     
B)     
C)     
D)     
E)    " class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" >
D)      (MgSO4, s)  refers to which of the following reactions? 
A)     
B)     
C)     
D)     
E)    " class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" >
E)      (MgSO4, s)  refers to which of the following reactions? 
A)     
B)     
C)     
D)     
E)    " class="answers-bank-image d-inline" rel="preload" >

Exam 17: Thermodynamics: Spontaneous and Nonspontaneous Reactions and Processes

A perturbation or stress to a chemical reaction at equilibrium ________

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

In a spontaneous process, the entropy of the universe ________

Correct Answer
verified

For a particular hypothetical reaction, , the value of G is 250 kJ/mol. What is the value of G for this reaction at 298 K when [A]  0.60 M, [B]  0.10 M, and [C]  4.0  10^³ M ?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Carbon monoxide has a very weak dipole moment. In the formation of solid carbon monoxide some molecules will be reversed in their orientation from C O - - - C O to C O - - - O C. What do you expect the absolute entropy of carbon monoxide solid to be at 0 K, and why?

Correct Answer
verified
The absolute entropy of carbon monoxide ...
View Answer

If 3.500 g of Ni are reacted with excess oxygen to form nickel oxide (NiO) under standard state conditions, what is the entropy change for the reaction?

Correct Answer
verified

What type of motion is depicted in the following before-and-after pictures?

Correct Answer
verified

As the temperature of a reaction with S  0 is increased, the equilibrium constant ________

Correct Answer
verified

The entropy change in the surroundings (S_surr) during a spontaneous process must be ________

Correct Answer
verified

Determine the change in the standard entropy of the universe for the given reaction from the given data.

Correct Answer
verified
F...
View Answer

The symbol  (MgSO₄, s) refers to which of the following reactions?

Correct Answer
verified

If 1 mol of ice melts at its melting point of 273 K, the entropy change for the ice is 22.0 J/K. If the ice melts in someone's hand at 34C, what is the change in the entropy of the universe? Assume a final temperature for the water of 0C. The enthalpy of fusion for ice is 6.01 kJ/mol.

Correct Answer
verified

NO gas is converted to NO₂ gas according to the following reaction: What is the standard entropy change when 0.5 mol of NO gas reacts with 0.5 mol of O₂ gas?

Correct Answer
verified

What is the maximum amount of work that can be done by the reaction

Correct Answer
verified

The equilibrium vapor pressure for benzene is 94.4 mm Hg. When liquid benzene is in equilibrium with its vapor, we must have ________

Correct Answer
verified

The following figures represent distributions of two types of gas molecules between two containers connected by an open tube. In which figure is the entropy of the system maximized?

Correct Answer
verified

The standard entropy of nitrogen gas in air is 192 J/(mol  K) . Estimate how many states are accessible to a nitrogen molecule in air.

Correct Answer
verified

Heat transfer from the system to the surroundings has a large effect on S_surr ________

Correct Answer
verified

Benzene is a liquid under standard conditions. The standard free-energy change for the evaporation of liquid benzene to form benzene vapor is 5.2 kJ/mol. If liquid benzene is placed in an open container under standard conditions, ________

Correct Answer
verified

Exam 17: Thermodynamics: Spontaneous and Nonspontaneous Reactions and Processes

A perturbation or stress to a chemical reaction at equilibrium ________

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In a spontaneous process, the entropy of the universe ________

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For a particular hypothetical reaction, , the value of G is 250 kJ/mol. What is the value of G for this reaction at 298 K when [A]  0.60 M, [B]  0.10 M, and [C]  4.0  103 M ?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Carbon monoxide has a very weak dipole moment. In the formation of solid carbon monoxide some molecules will be reversed in their orientation from C O - - - C O to C O - - - O C. What do you expect the absolute entropy of carbon monoxide solid to be at 0 K, and why?

Correct AnswerverifiedThe absolute entropy of carbon monoxide ...View AnswerShow Answer

If 3.500 g of Ni are reacted with excess oxygen to form nickel oxide (NiO) under standard state conditions, what is the entropy change for the reaction?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What type of motion is depicted in the following before-and-after pictures?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

As the temperature of a reaction with S  0 is increased, the equilibrium constant ________

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The entropy change in the surroundings (Ssurr) during a spontaneous process must be ________

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Determine the change in the standard entropy of the universe for the given reaction from the given data.

Correct AnswerverifiedF...View AnswerShow Answer

The symbol  (MgSO4, s) refers to which of the following reactions?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

If 1 mol of ice melts at its melting point of 273 K, the entropy change for the ice is 22.0 J/K. If the ice melts in someone's hand at 34C, what is the change in the entropy of the universe? Assume a final temperature for the water of 0C. The enthalpy of fusion for ice is 6.01 kJ/mol.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

NO gas is converted to NO2 gas according to the following reaction: What is the standard entropy change when 0.5 mol of NO gas reacts with 0.5 mol of O2 gas?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

What is the maximum amount of work that can be done by the reaction

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The equilibrium vapor pressure for benzene is 94.4 mm Hg. When liquid benzene is in equilibrium with its vapor, we must have ________

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The following figures represent distributions of two types of gas molecules between two containers connected by an open tube. In which figure is the entropy of the system maximized?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The standard entropy of nitrogen gas in air is 192 J/(mol  K) . Estimate how many states are accessible to a nitrogen molecule in air.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Heat transfer from the system to the surroundings has a large effect on Ssurr ________

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Benzene is a liquid under standard conditions. The standard free-energy change for the evaporation of liquid benzene to form benzene vapor is 5.2 kJ/mol. If liquid benzene is placed in an open container under standard conditions, ________

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

For a particular hypothetical reaction, , the value of G is 250 kJ/mol. What is the value of G for this reaction at 298 K when [A]  0.60 M, [B]  0.10 M, and [C]  4.0  10^³ M ?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
The absolute entropy of carbon monoxide ...
View Answer

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

The entropy change in the surroundings (S_surr) during a spontaneous process must be ________

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified
F...
View Answer

The symbol  (MgSO₄, s) refers to which of the following reactions?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

NO gas is converted to NO₂ gas according to the following reaction: What is the standard entropy change when 0.5 mol of NO gas reacts with 0.5 mol of O₂ gas?

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
verified

Heat transfer from the system to the surroundings has a large effect on S_surr ________

Correct Answer
verified

Correct Answer
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