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Exam 11: Social Psychology

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Question 71

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Although your attitudes can influence your behavior, your behavior can't influence your attitudes.

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Question 72

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The common tendency in individualistic cultures to attribute the behavior of others to internal, personal characteristics while ignoring or underestimating the effects of external, situational factors is called:

A) altruism.
B) diffusion of responsibility.
C) the bystander effect.
D) the fundamental attribution error.

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Question 73

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Cross-cultural research has shown that men in societies where food and resources are in short supply tend to prefer thinner women, whereas men in societies where food and resources are abundant tend to prefer heavier women.

Explicit attitudes are evaluations that are automatic, unintentional, difficult to control, and are sometimes, but not always, unconscious.

The textbook defines _____ as behavior that is motivated by the desire to gain social acceptance and approval.

If a teacher uses the jigsaw classroom technique, it is very likely that the children will:

Psychological studies have shown that when people have extreme attitudes about a particular issue, they are less likely to behave in accordance with those attitudes.

Nestor belongs to the cross-country ski club at his college but is not a member of the downhill ski club. In terms of basic social categories, Nestor's cross-country club members are the _____, and the members of the downhill ski club are the _____.

While eating at a restaurant, you see a waiter's serving tray tilt and an avalanche of food and beverages splatters on four people. "What a careless, clumsy idiot," you mumble to yourself as you resume eating. You have just committed an attributional bias called:

Attribution refers to feeling drawn to other people and having positive thoughts and feelings about them.

In a replication of _____ classic experiment investigating _____, Manjit joined a group of six other people whose task it was to state which of three comparison lines was the same length as the standard line.

In a seminar discussion on the death penalty, Bertha said she believed that the ultimate penalty should be applied to the ultimate crime of murder. Bertha's statement best reflects the _____ component of attitudes.

In relation to person perception, relegating someone to a social category on the basis of superficial information is a maladaptive process and usually leads to the wrong conclusions about the person.

Research has shown that people will quickly change their stereotyped way of thinking when they are confronted with evidence contradicting the stereotype they had believed to be true.

Collectivistic cultures often demonstrate the self-effacing bias.

The bus is fairly crowded when you get on. You make a rapid evaluation and quickly decide to sit next to a well-dressed senior citizen because you think that it will be safer to sit next to him than some of the other people on the bus. This example illustrates:

Jason belongs to a college fraternity and has been told to show up for a hazing ritual to take place later that week. Jason is against the whole idea of hazing but is not sure how to avoid participating. According to your textbook, Jason will find it easier to refuse to participate in the hazing if:

Prosocial behavior is any behavior that helps another, whether the underlying motive is self-serving or selfless.

The perspective in psychology based on the premise that certain psychological processes and behavioral patterns evolved over hundreds of thousands of years because of their adaptive and survival value is called:

Muzafer Sherif helped clarify the conditions that produce intergroup _____ and _____.