Question 1

Blake is a carpet installer who wants to be paid for each square foot of carpet he lays rather than with an hourly wage. Blake prefers working on a ________ schedule of reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A)   fixed-ratio
B)   fixed-interval
C)   variable-interval
D)   variable-ratioE) A) and B)
F) None of the above

Question 2

Pigs trained to pick up large wooden coins subsequently delayed receiving a food reinforcer because they would repeatedly drop and push the coins with their snouts. This best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   spontaneous recovery.
B)   extrinsic motivation.
C)   instinctive drift.
D)   latent learning.E) B) and C)
F) A) and C)

Question 3

Animals most readily learn the specific associations that promote

Accepted Answer

A)   shaping.
B)   survival.
C)   extrinsic motivation.
D)   prosocial behavior.E) B) and D)
F) A) and B)

Question 4

John B. Watson would have expressed the greatest disapproval of attempts to scientifically study whether

Accepted Answer

A)   consumer buying habits are influenced by newspaper advertisements.
B)   worker productivity is influenced by hourly wage rates.
C)   academic achievement is influenced by a positive self-concept.
D)   aggressive behavior is influenced by threats of punishment.E) All of the above
F) B) and C)

Question 5

The desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment involves

Accepted Answer

A)   latent learning.
B)   extrinsic motivation.
C)   partial reinforcement.
D)   delayed reinforcers.E) All of the above
F) A) and D)

Question 6

Former crack cocaine users often feel a drug craving when they are again in places they associate with previous highs. Their reactions are best explained in terms of

Accepted Answer

A)   operant conditioning.
B)   latent learning.
C)   classical conditioning.
D)   modeling.E) B) and D)
F) A) and D)

Question 7

Studies of latent learning highlight the importance of

Accepted Answer

A)   respondent behavior.
B)   spontaneous recovery.
C)   cognitive processes.
D)   conditioned reinforcers.E) C) and D)
F) A) and C)

Question 8

A child who is punished for swearing at home but reinforced for swearing on the school playground is most likely to demonstrate a patterned habit of swearing that is indicative of

Accepted Answer

A)   negative reinforcement.
B)   instinctive drift.
C)   discrimination.
D)   extinction.E) C) and D)
F) B) and D)

Question 9

A geometric figure is most likely to trigger sexual arousal if presented shortly

Accepted Answer

A)   after an appropriate UR.
B)   after an appropriate US.
C)   before an appropriate UR.
D)   before an appropriate US.E) C) and D)
F) All of the above

Question 10

Administering an aversive stimulus following an operant response is

Accepted Answer

A)   negative punishment.
B)   positive punishment.
C)   negative reinforcement.
D)   positive reinforcement.E) B) and C)
F) A) and D)

Question 11

A response that leads to the removal of an unpleasant stimulus is one being

Accepted Answer

A)   positively reinforced.
B)   negatively reinforced.
C)   punished.
D)   extinguished.E) A) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 12

The process of acquiring new and relatively enduring information or behaviors is called

Accepted Answer

A)   reinforcement.
B)   learning.
C)   modeling.
D)   shaping.E) A) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 13

In classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning is called a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)   unconditioned stimulus.
B)   secondary reinforcer.
C)   neutral stimulus.
D)   primary reinforcer.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 14

The violence-viewing effect is especially pronounced when the observed violence

Accepted Answer

A)   causes visible harm.
B)   goes unpunished.
C)   seems unjustified.
D)   is committed by an unattractive person.E) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 15

Makayla developed an intense fear of flying five years ago when she was in a plane crash. The fact that today she can again fly without distress indicates that her fear has undergone

Accepted Answer

A)   spontaneous recovery.
B)   extinction.
C)   generalization.
D)   discrimination.E) B) and C)
F) A) and B)

Question 16

The removal of electric shock is to the receipt of money as ________ is to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   delayed reinforcer; immediate reinforcer
B)   primary reinforcer; conditioned reinforcer
C)   discrimination; generalization
D)   partial reinforcement; continuous reinforcementE) A) and B)
F) A) and C)

Question 17

Pigeons learn to flap their wings to avoid shock ________ easily than they learn to peck a disk to avoid shock. They learn to flap their wings to obtain food ________ easily than they learn to peck a disk to obtain food.

Accepted Answer

A)   more; more
B)   more; less
C)   less; less
D)   less; moreE) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 18

Some students study hard beginning with the first couple of weeks of a semester because they subsequently receive very good final course grades. This best illustrates that human behavior is influenced by

Accepted Answer

A)   classical conditioning.
B)   primary reinforcers.
C)   latent learning.
D)   delayed reinforcers.E) B) and D)
F) B) and C)

Question 19

Neuroscientists have discovered mirror neurons in the

Accepted Answer

A)   frontal lobe adjacent to the motor cortex.
B)   temporal lobe adjacent to the auditory cortex.
C)   parietal lobe adjacent to the sensory cortex.
D)   occipital lobe adjacent to the visual cortex.E) A) and C)
F) B) and C)

Question 20

Watson and Rayner's study of Little Albert demonstrated how specific fears

Accepted Answer

A)   can interfere with the process of learning.
B)   can be used as negative reinforcers.
C)   are acquired through observational learning.
D)   may be produced through classical conditioning.E) None of the above
F) B) and C)

Exam 7: Learning

Watson and Rayner's study of Little Albert demonstrated how specific fears

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Some students study hard beginning with the first couple of weeks of a semester because they subsequently receive very good final course grades. This best illustrates that human behavior is influenced by

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Neuroscientists have discovered mirror neurons in the

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Administering an aversive stimulus following an operant response is

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A geometric figure is most likely to trigger sexual arousal if presented shortly

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The removal of electric shock is to the receipt of money as ________ is to ________.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The violence-viewing effect is especially pronounced when the observed violence

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A child who is punished for swearing at home but reinforced for swearing on the school playground is most likely to demonstrate a patterned habit of swearing that is indicative of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Pigeons learn to flap their wings to avoid shock ________ easily than they learn to peck a disk to avoid shock. They learn to flap their wings to obtain food ________ easily than they learn to peck a disk to obtain food.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Animals most readily learn the specific associations that promote

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Blake is a carpet installer who wants to be paid for each square foot of carpet he lays rather than with an hourly wage. Blake prefers working on a ________ schedule of reinforcement.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

John B. Watson would have expressed the greatest disapproval of attempts to scientifically study whether

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Studies of latent learning highlight the importance of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

In classical conditioning, a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning is called a(n)

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

A response that leads to the removal of an unpleasant stimulus is one being

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Makayla developed an intense fear of flying five years ago when she was in a plane crash. The fact that today she can again fly without distress indicates that her fear has undergone

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Pigs trained to pick up large wooden coins subsequently delayed receiving a food reinforcer because they would repeatedly drop and push the coins with their snouts. This best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Former crack cocaine users often feel a drug craving when they are again in places they associate with previous highs. Their reactions are best explained in terms of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards or threats of punishment involves

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The process of acquiring new and relatively enduring information or behaviors is called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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The removal of electric shock is to the receipt of money as is to .

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Pigeons learn to flap their wings to avoid shock easily than they learn to peck a disk to avoid shock. They learn to flap their wings to obtain food easily than they learn to peck a disk to obtain food.

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