Question 1

When Quang couldn't find his wallet,he began to wonder about his roommate's honesty.Although Quang later recalled that he had left his wallet in the glove compartment of his car,he continued to doubt his roommate's honesty.Quang's irrational thinking best illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)   confirmation bias.
B)   an algorithm.
C)   belief perseverance.
D)   framing.

Question 2

Spearman's g factor refers to

Accepted Answer

A)   the genetic contribution to intelligence.
B)   a general intelligence that underlies successful performance on a wide variety of tasks.
C)   a highly developed skill or talent possessed by a person with an otherwise limited mental ability.
D)   the ability to understand and regulate emotions.

Question 3

Introductory psychology students facing a midterm exam one week later spent five minutes each day visualizing themselves scanning the posted grade list,seeing their A grade,and feeling proud.This ________ simulation had ________ effect on their exam scores.

Accepted Answer

A)   process;little
B)   outcome;little
C)   process;a large
D)   outcome;a large

Question 4

No matter what language we first use,our first words are mostly

Accepted Answer

A)   verbs.
B)   adverbs.
C)   adjectives.
D)   nouns.

Question 5

Professor Pegler's research efforts focus on how the use of heuristics influences the way people assess financial risks.Which specialty area is he most interested in studying?

Accepted Answer

A)   development
B)   biology
C)   cognition
D)   personality

Question 6

Which of the following would be most characteristic of a 2-year-old's telegraphic speech?

Accepted Answer

A)   "a doggy"
B)   "eat apple"
C)   "to store"
D)   "ball pretty"

Question 7

Animal trainers' expectations may have led them to interpret some chimpanzees' signs as indicative of greater linguistic ability than is warranted.This best illustrates the shortcoming of

Accepted Answer

A)   a universal grammar.
B)   a critical period.
C)   a perceptual set.
D)   linguistic determinism.

Question 8

For many skills,childhood represents a(n) ________ for mastery of that skill.

Accepted Answer

A)   critical period
B)   outcome simulation
C)   telegraphic speech
D)   linguistic determinism

Question 9

The role of intense,daily practice in developing expert performance skills is known as

Accepted Answer

A)   longitudinal study.
B)   the g factor.
C)   practical intelligence.
D)   the 10-year rule.

Question 10

People scoring higher on the Scottish national intelligence test at age 11 tended to ________ than those who scored lower.

Accepted Answer

A)   live longer
B)   be less creative
C)   talk at an earlier age
D)   experience more intellectual disabilities

Question 11

Human language appears to have evolved from

Accepted Answer

A)   a perceptual set.
B)   gestured communication.
C)   a process simulation.
D)   a critical period.

Question 12

Fear of not being able to control something is to ________ as our ancestral history is to _______.

Accepted Answer

A)   fear of flying;fear of spiders
B)   fear of snakes;fear of driving
C)   fear of sharks;fear of lizards
D)   fear of a heart attack;fear of smoking

Question 13

By learning to classify cats and dogs,monkeys demonstrate a capacity to form

Accepted Answer

A)   heuristics.
B)   algorithms.
C)   mental sets.
D)   concepts.

Question 14

Which of the following individuals is most likely to experience the stereotype threat?

Accepted Answer

A)   John,who is taking the SAT with fellow classmates
B)   Miguel,who is Mexican-American and is taking the SAT with his classmates,of whom 90 percent are Mexican-American
C)   Jackie,who attends an all-girl prep school and is taking the SAT with her classmates
D)   Malik,who is the only African-American taking the SAT with White students

Question 15

The representativeness heuristic is defined as

Accepted Answer

A)   the tendency to be more confident than correct.
B)   the tendency to approach a problem in one particular way,often a way that has been successful in the past.
C)   estimating the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory.
D)   estimating the likelihood of events in terms of how well they seem to represent,or match,particular prototypes.

Question 16

Experts who defend intelligence tests against the charge of being culturally biased and discriminatory would be most likely to highlight the ________ of intelligence tests.

Accepted Answer

A)   stability
B)   split-half reliability
C)   predictive validity
D)   heritability

Question 17

Unlike the use of algorithms or heuristics,insight does not involve

Accepted Answer

A)   concepts.
B)   prototypes.
C)   cognition.
D)   strategy-based solutions.

Question 18

On average,the intelligence test scores of the Dingbats are much higher than those of the Dodos.The difference in the average test scores of the two groups might be a product of

Accepted Answer

A)   genetic differences between two groups with similar environments.
B)   environmental differences between two groups with similar genetics.
C)   genetic and environmental differences between the two groups.
D)   any of these things.

Question 19

By encouraging people to imagine their homes being destroyed by winds from a hurricane,insurance salespeople are especially successful at selling expensive homeowners' policies.They are most clearly exploiting the influence of

Accepted Answer

A)   belief perseverance.
B)   an algorithm.
C)   overconfidence.
D)   the availability heuristic.

Question 20

Bilingual people,who inhibit one language while using the other,can better inhibit their attention to irrelevant information.This has been called

Accepted Answer

A)   linguistic determinism.
B)   implicit memory.
C)   the bilingual advantage.
D)   universal grammar.

Exam 9: Thinking, Language, and Intelligence

No matter what language we first use,our first words are mostly

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

For many skills,childhood represents a(n) ________ for mastery of that skill.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Human language appears to have evolved from

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Unlike the use of algorithms or heuristics,insight does not involve

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

When Quang couldn't find his wallet,he began to wonder about his roommate's honesty.Although Quang later recalled that he had left his wallet in the glove compartment of his car,he continued to doubt his roommate's honesty.Quang's irrational thinking best illustrates

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Fear of not being able to control something is to ________ as our ancestral history is to _______.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The representativeness heuristic is defined as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

By encouraging people to imagine their homes being destroyed by winds from a hurricane,insurance salespeople are especially successful at selling expensive homeowners' policies.They are most clearly exploiting the influence of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

On average,the intelligence test scores of the Dingbats are much higher than those of the Dodos.The difference in the average test scores of the two groups might be a product of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Introductory psychology students facing a midterm exam one week later spent five minutes each day visualizing themselves scanning the posted grade list,seeing their A grade,and feeling proud.This ________ simulation had ________ effect on their exam scores.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Animal trainers' expectations may have led them to interpret some chimpanzees' signs as indicative of greater linguistic ability than is warranted.This best illustrates the shortcoming of

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following individuals is most likely to experience the stereotype threat?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Spearman's g factor refers to

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

People scoring higher on the Scottish national intelligence test at age 11 tended to ________ than those who scored lower.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Professor Pegler's research efforts focus on how the use of heuristics influences the way people assess financial risks.Which specialty area is he most interested in studying?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Bilingual people,who inhibit one language while using the other,can better inhibit their attention to irrelevant information.This has been called

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

By learning to classify cats and dogs,monkeys demonstrate a capacity to form

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Experts who defend intelligence tests against the charge of being culturally biased and discriminatory would be most likely to highlight the ________ of intelligence tests.

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

The role of intense,daily practice in developing expert performance skills is known as

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

Which of the following would be most characteristic of a 2-year-old's telegraphic speech?

Correct AnswerverifiedShow Answer

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Fear of not being able to control something is to __ as our ancestral history is to _.

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Introductory psychology students facing a midterm exam one week later spent five minutes each day visualizing themselves scanning the posted grade list,seeing their A grade,and feeling proud.This simulation had effect on their exam scores.

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